Article summary Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Synopsis - Article Example As an online cash, Bitcoin fills in as a method of money in an advanced organization that can be utilized by anybody online to get and make installments for merchandise and ventures purchased on the web. It works and can be utilized simply like a customary cash. Anybody can begin utilizing bitcoin. The way toward utilizing bitcoins starts with having an online wallet which can be downloaded online for nothing. Much the same as the physical wallet where it tends to be kept anyplace in the house, the computerized wallet can be put away as record in hard drives, USB and even cell phones and clients can likewise have a few advanced wallets like having various financial balances. The exchange including bitcoin on the web anyway is not the same as the conventional method of installment. The framework have volunteers called diggers who checks the exchange utilizing bitcoin and concludes whether to favor or decay it. Whenever affirmed, it is then recorded to a blockchain which is a record th at contains the historical backdrop of such wallet. The Vice President and financial analyst with the St. Louis Fed David Andolfatto clarified that bitcoin is a wise speculation by refering to its steadiness contrasted with customary money. For instance, he refered to the pattern of the buying intensity of buying intensity of every cash to 100: the yen, the euro, the U.S. dollar and the Zimbabwean dollar. The monetary standards were incredibly unstable contrasted with bitcoin underscoring the security of the cash. The hypothesis of ostensible swapping scale indeterminacy was refered to help clarify why bitcoin is a wise venture. It was refered to that there is no single financial hypothesis that directs the general cost of two characteristically two items, for example, bitcoin and money. The worth alloted to monetary forms accordingly are relative. Bitcoin in reality is secure contrasted with customary monetary forms on the grounds that the nearness of advanced wallet in somebody else’s PC will permit the exchange history of such computerized wallet to be seen and thusly, could be connected and followed to its clients which could help

Pleadings/Complaint Essay Example

Pleadings/Complaint Essay Comes the Plaintiff Dale M. Roehnig, a minor, occupant of Davidson County, Nashville, Tennessee, sues the Defendant Herman A. Schulman, an occupant of Davidson County, Nashville, Tennessee, in a reason for activity for harms in the whole of Twenty Five Thousand Dollars ($25,000) and for reason for activity would appear: 1. That both the Plaintiff and the Defendant were inhabitants of Davidson County, Nashville, Tennessee and lived nearby to one another at 2413 Valley Crest Drive Nashville, TN 37201 on June 29, 1993. 2. That the Plaintiff Dale M. Roehnig was 1. 5 years of age on date of episode June 29, 1993 when he was pulled in to a riding cutter, being driven by the Defendant Herman A. Schulman. The Plaintiff moved toward the trimmer from the back of the Defendant and the cutter struck his toes causing genuine injury. 3. 4. That the demonstration of carelessness by the Defendant Herman A. Schulman as expressed thus were the immediate and proximate reason for the wounds that Plaintiff Dale M. Roehnig continued and that under the realities in this set out, the Defendant Herman A. Schulman is at risk to the Plaintiff for all wounds and harms. WHEREFORE, the Plaintiff Dale M. Roehnig, requests judgment against the Defendant Herman A. Schulman for harms in the whole of Twenty Five Thousand Dollars ($25,000) and further requests a jury to attempt this reason for activity. ROBERT W. MITCHELL (32112) Attorney for the Plaintiff 804 Stahlman Building Nashville, TN 37201 (615) 555-5555 We will compose a custom paper test on Pleadings/Complaint explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Pleadings/Complaint explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Pleadings/Complaint explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer

Bureaucracy and administration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organization and organization - Assignment Example Woodrow Wilson, the originator of the American open organization was an open administrator who expressed that the English have concentrated well the specialty of getting rid of official forces. This spurred the Native Americans and the English to set their administering tones. As indicated by Henry (118), the English and the Indians inspiration for administration were as the consequence of the fulfillment they got for working for the general population and serving the general public to tie them closer. Hamilton is another open civil servant just as one of the main open chairmen who filled in as the treasurer of the bureaucratic framework. He was keen on authoritative mechanical assembly and considered to make examinations of the science and history of common government. As per Henry, â€Å"Hamilton showed a solid enthusiasm for understanding the managerial device of the state†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p.9). He was resolved to compose a book on open organization that would make changes which wo uld give mankind opportunity and joy. He accepted that heads ought to be generously compensated as they had more force than the individuals who delegated them and the congress to his suggestions. As per Henry (116), Hamilton’s inspiration was to have any kind of effect to society. To him, doing great to the open was definitely more significant than doing admirably for one self. Another helper was his own qualities. Hamilton had the vitality and solid enthusiasm to comprehend organization in alternate point of view and persuade individuals on significance of administration to the general public. He likewise contended that cash doesn't fundamental drive everything and everyone except the bliss of the general population and their opportunity is the thing that should matter most in open organization. The social bureaucratic suggestion directs that authoritative individuals contrast in different manners (Henry 117). There is the managerial man who is characterized by objectivity, enthusiastic needs and deceives. Business analysts use models to have the option to comprehend the adjustments in economy with the adjustment in conduct of men and their exercises. Normal men are persuaded by their own personal circumstance like creation enormous benefits and will utilize all assets accessible to satisfy that. Regulatory men comprehend the conduct of the association just as the crucial their enthusiasm to the general public. As indicated by Henry, â€Å"Administrative man has all the novel eccentricities, vulnerable sides, and constrained intensity of mental man, at the same time, as financial man, likewise comprehends the strategic conduct of the organization†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p.117) Henry (118) additionally clarifies unsatisfied civil servants who are not intrigued by the work they do and request variety of topics from open overseers. A small amount of the open interest to have work fulfillment, including the individuals who don't have the insight to deal with the t emperaments of others just as not being able to understand what is required in their occupations. Their inspiration, as indicated by Henry (119), is the government fulfillment which expressed that larger part of workers were happy with their occupations and the left rate would be remunerated with employments that met their fulfillment as long the progressions didn't have negative impacts to the association. As indicated by Henry (119), there are additionally the disappointed administrators who don't value the manner in which they are treated in their association. They

Ebay - Business report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ebay - Business report - Research Paper Example With the changing economic situations and the inclinations of the clients, the matter of eBay grew essentially as of late. This can be satisfactory regarding the way that the organization detailed a benefit of $4.4 billion in the year 2014, which was past its desire (BBC, 2014). From the point of view of giving an e-business foundation of eBay, it must be referenced that the organization uses a help of online installment named PayPal, which encourages and facilitates in making exchanges in the interest of the venders just as the purchasers (Bensinger, 2012). Before directing an itemized e-advertising concentrate on eBay, it is basic to acquire a concise thought regarding the outside setting of the organization. With this worry, the hypothetical structure of Porter’s five powers is taken into worry for examining the outer circumstance of the organization. From the examination, it is clear that eBay faces a moderate degree of danger identifying with the passageway of new market players in the business, as there continues lower levels of section prerequisite. Aside from this, the buyers’ and suppliers’ haggling power are considered to be high and moderate separately inferable from the explanation that distinctive web based business organizations offer equal items as well as administrations as that of eBay and the providers stay a lot anxious to sell by utilizing settled online destinations. At last, eBay faces low degree of risk of options or substitutes, as the organization offers certain appealing highlights to the po tential clients that involve closeouts and purchaser assurance among others. Aside from the above examined angles, the organization likewise faces significant level of risk from the current business advertise rivalry in the comparable business because of the nearness of previously existing organizations like Alibaba and Amazon among others (Hao, 2013). E-advertising investigation of eBay unmistakably

Reading Pathways David Sedaris

Reading Pathways David Sedaris The first thing you need to know about me is that I’m VERY particular when it comes to humor, to the point that I sometimes tell people I don’t like comedy at all to avoid conversations about why I don’t like this or haven’t seen/read that. Needless to say, I don’t often find myself drawn toward books (or any form of entertainment) that are on the lighthearted, “let’s-all-chuckle-at-some-silly-jokes-and-not-use-our-brains” side of things. Instead, I tend to gravitate toward the dark, depressing, or mind-fuck-y. Things that make me cry, mutter “holy shit” over and over, or give me an existential crisis often rocket to the top of my these-are-amazing-and-I-love-them list. All that being said, there are, of course, times for laughs. When such a time comes along, the type of humor that appeals to me most is sarcastic and dry. Enter David Sedaris. I was introduced to Sedaris’ writing in high school and immediately fell in love with his acerbic, yet self-deprecating voice. The best-selling humorist has authored many works, mostly essay collections, but made his debut reading his stories on NPR after being discovered by Ira Glass, and continues to contribute from time to time to the radio show and podcast This American Life. The way Sedaris views the world, through a biting and exaggerated lens, is both unique and extremely relatable. Even through his satirical tone, he examines truly human experiences and feelings in an honest and unreserved way. Sedaris’ ability to blend his sharp wit with empathy and charm makes him one of the few authors I turn to to make me laugh out loud and warm my dark, cynical heart. So naturally, if anyone comes to me looking for funny recommendations, David Sedaris is the first name that comes out of my mouth. Each one of his books is an absolute riot, but here are some suggestions to get started. It isn’t a full book, but the first thing I always recommend to people who want to get into David Sedaris is his essay “SantaLand Diaries,” which can be found in his first collection of stories and essays, published in 1994, Barrel Fever. A version of this essay is actually the piece Sedaris read on NPR for his original debut, so it truly acts as an introduction to his voice and style. “SantaLand Diaries” recounts the holiday season Sedaris spent working as an elf at a Macy’s department store in New York City. We meet the other eccentric elves, the various Santas (yes, there’s more than one!), as well as the many visitors to SantaLand. Sedaris is not concerned with being appropriate or politically correct, and doesn’t try to maintain any sense of a facade. Instead, he simply expresses what he thinks about each of the people he encounters and the hijinks that occur in SantaLand bluntly and without any shred of hesitation. This essay is an absolute must-read I reread i t every year around the holidays and still find moments that make me laugh out loud every time. Who needs Christmas cheer when they can have Crumpet the disenchanted elf? Once you’ve gotten the proper introduction to David Sedaris, the next work and first full collection I like to recommend is Me Talk Pretty One Day. This is probably one of Sedaris’ most well-known essay collections, and my favorite overall. The collection is split into two parts, the first containing stories about Sedaris’ upbringing and early adult life, and the second containing stories about moving to France with his partner Hugh and the attempts to acclimate to life in a foreign country. Topics of the essays include childhood pets, odd jobs, restaurant menus, and the difficulties of learning a new language. Squirrel Seeks Chipmunk is a unique collection of fable-like stories starring anthropomorphized animals, but missing none of Sedaris’ typical observation of the human condition. A squirrel and a chipmunk fall into a forbidden love, a warbler couple entertain their friends with stories of their travels, a cat attends mandated AA meetings in prison, and much more. As an added bonus, the book is sprinkled with wonderful illustrations by Ian Falconer, the author of the beloved Olivia series.

The Role Of Tourism In Economic Development - Free Essay Example

All sectors of the economy play an important role in making a stable and long running development. Tourism is one of the sectors which plays an important role in development and also generates foreign revenues. This sector is peaceful and reflects the nature and beauty of the country. It helps people of far flung areas to promote their culture and norms, it also provide opportunity to country to make a better image around the world. There are many issues this sector is facing nowadays and the popularity of this sector is sliding down day by day means that people is not ready to make tours because of many problems and threats to security and life. Several studies and researches have been conducted on this tourism and its relation to development of economy and also that how can we promote this sector? How can we create better image to world and also what measures we can use to maximize the development? Michael Hitchcock (2004) had explained that tourism and culture have a dee p relation. Culture is based on originality, authority, authenticity and many more. Tourists are attracted by such types of factors, he says that invest and reinvest is not modernization and its the human culture that remain there for a long time. Tradition is invested and process goes on its known as constructivist. Cultural transmission is not an authentic option, reproduction is not renew it have its own originality. We should make a clear difference in between the reproduction and originality. In order to save the cultural heritage and to attract tourists he says that culture should bi neat and original. Mohamed Tangi (1977) had conducted a research that Mediterranean handles one-third of world tourism that has damaged the environment of that region due to many factors. He says that Greece, Spain, Cyprus these countries are visited more and the environment is quite hurt for dense tourism to these areas. The natural sites are reduced due to excessive construction for tourists and visitors. Tourism and environment are two parallels that move together, tourism mainly depends on environment along other factors, world is facing huge and fast rising in pollution as more tourism is rising in world. Environment can be man-made, natural or cultural in nature, all have effects on tourism and vice versa, cultural environment includes art, religion and human relations, which can be effected or disturbed by tourism. The countries which are rich in these factors can attract more tourists to their region; tourists may introduce new ways or styles to the places, which can be waste or injurious to the visited destination. He explained few alternative strategies or development policies to promote tourism to the region. It includes the land use planning, expand and construct islands, holidays and pricing policy, facilities to tourists, anti-pollution and policies, training and information to locals, rules and codes of conduct. Using these and promoting these strategies co untry can raise its tourism level and also promote development in the region. Tourism will be based on co-operation and planning in the future world, united nation environmental program and world tourism organization both are working and have to play an active role in tourism promotion and protection. Barry Liddle (1989) had explained that tourism is helpful for local government to have a better economy and development. Presently it is the leading sector of the world and it will be stronger in future. Tourism can be of many types i.e. for leisure, work and business or for any purpose. Here industrial tourism is important type of tourism that can generate much information and knowledge. It further has an option that modern industrial tourism means that companies choose a day and at that day they arrange a proper tour to their company or exhibition. They also provide the full tourists facilities to visitors, so to make them feel comfortable. The industrial tours can be updated to l ocal and national level to boost the economy, audit, local, central government and different councils should step in to make this type of tourism better and popular. Erik Cohen (1984) had made a research that there are not much empirical studies in tourism economy, so this is required as we are moving into new and fast world. There are four main principles in tourism i.e. tourist that based upon his motivations, attitudes, role and reaction in response to others actions, the ideas, thinking and relationship of the locals and tourist matters in this sector, the structure and infrastructure of tourism system is an important part that can help it to flourish, the better the system the better will be the outcomes and economic and social impact from tourism to visited destinations. Tourism is based on culture that helps this industry to develop and become a helping hand to economy. More empirical study is needed to merge it with theory and provide world more information about this sec tor in a systematic way. Amanda Stonza (2001) has explained in the article that tourism is mainly divided into two parts i.e. origins of tourism and impacts of tourism and the main problem is that tourism origins is only concerned with tourists and foreigners, while the impacts are only related to local public. The two halves provide different meaning and together they also only provide partial meanings not full, so origins of tourism should include the local public that how they can attract tourists? How they can promote the tourism in their region? Same is the case with the impacts of tourism; it should include the tourists who are willing to visit the particular places in world. What are the changes that have occurred in tourist after the trip? Origins and impacts both should be positive then the countrys social, cultural and economical conditions will be develop and their tourism sector will grow in a positive manner. Janette Deacon (2006) explains tourism as an important sector of economy and also throws light on not so important type of tourism i.e. rock art conversation. This type of tourism is known as cultural or heritage tourism, cultural or heritage sites are main reasons behind the tourism in most Asian nations like China, India, Pakistan and SriLanka. Rock art conversation is famous in African nations, this tourism is in Africa but its not on large scale. Many ways are discussed to promote rock art conversation tourism so we can save it for vanishing from world. Factors that promote all types of tourism including this rock art conversation is training, skills, education guidelines, security, interests, attractions and many more. These factors will help tourism economy to expand that can create a better image of countrys tourism sector around the globe. International council on monuments and sites and international cultural tourism charter are two major sources to save and promote rock art conversation in tourism sector. Agha Iqrar Haroon (2002) had explained that sustainable tourism can be achieved by working together with the local public sites that can be visited. Ecotourism in Pakistan is not working in a proper manner and Pakistan is not even near to sustainable tourism. In the northern areas 70% of economy is in hands of big businessmen that belong to other provinces and only 30% are in hands of local public. This local public has to survive on daily basis wages and all this is due to big businessmen have share of 70% from revenues and they also have support of tourism companies and government either local or federal. Local public is ignored in framing the policies and sharing the generated revenues, the big businessmen can provide imported facilities to foreigners that the locals are failed to do so. These acts have a negative impact on the employment and on living and earnings of local public of those northerner areas, so government should take few daring steps to save the public from exploitation from these wealthy investors. Government can invest in these areas, can ensure participation , secure future of local public, share more revenues to locals, heavy tax should be imposed on wealthy businessmen, irrelevant construction should be discouraged, local goods should be used that will generate profits and employment in region, training and guidance to public of concerned area. By doing all these actions our northern areas can be a top place to visit and Pakistan can achieve a sustainable and healthy development in tourism sector. Dean Maccannell (2002) says that tourism is faster growing sector and it has relations to the non-economic factors. Ego factor counts a lot in tourism that personal behavior about tourism and travel, tourism is dependent on the classical and touristy experimental commodity. Ownership and attraction are non-economic factors in tourism or travel, tourism can promote opportunity, preservation and care of cultural heritage will promote tourism and theses are the main factors along the other factors that help to make a stable growth in this fast expanding sector. In short the human ego and the attractions to tourist sites are important factor for development of tourism economy of any country. Yoel Mansfeld (1994) conducted a survey on the tourism in Middle East and what are the major factors that have reduced the tourism to the region of world? In 1980s average growth rate of world for tourism is 6.2% and for Middle East it is 5.9% approx. Turkey and Greece also suffers from the conflict in Middle East between Israel and Palestine. Author also explains that international tourism is main source for developing countries to generate revenues, boost economy, creates jobs and much more. All these things will help them develop and achieve stability. Security situation has a huge impact on tourism around the globe and especially in Middle East that how much Israel suffered? How much other Arab and non-Arab nations have to face decline in their tourism? War or conflict between the Arabs and Israel is major threat to tourism in Middle East. Spill over effects are major in world tourism that if one country suffers from security threats her neighbor will also have to face the consequences being a neighbor. Spill over effects will determine their market strategies it means that how well you handle the pressure which is upon you due to disturbance in your neighbor country to save tourism industry of your country? Nowadays terrorism is main threat to world and especially in Middle East as the war is on in that region. So world have to sit together to find a safe and easy solution to this security threats and terrorism to save the tourism industry. Peter Murphy et al. (1989) along with his partner conducted a research that tourism is indirectly related to natural disasters, but this combination is rarely seen in world. Recently the two such cases are occurred one at Mount St. Helen eruptions in 1980 and the second is East Koot enay forest fires in 1985. These two areas are hit by natural calamity and that also effects the tourism ratio in these regions. In first case 30% decline is showed and in second case millions of dollars loss is shown. Along the natural calamity the man-made disasters also are common in world i.e. terrorism and other security threats to world tourism, the event of hijacking of Achille Lauro in 1985 have effected the tourism in Mediterranean region. Disaster planning have for main stages i.e. assessment, warning, impact and recovery, impact and recovery are two main stages that have more effects on tourism. Media coverage plays an important role that how media will post image to world? If the coverage is positive then recovery will be faster and if the coverage is negative then problem grows double and tourism will be badly disturbed. So nation should always be prepare for disasters and disaster management authorities should be at standby to handle the problem and also can save touri sm industry. Eric Neumayer (2004) used the fix effects panel estimators and dynamic generalized method in this research on small sample size of countries to find the effects of tourism. His main focus is on political violence and other acts that can effect the tourism economy. Tourists always look and prefer the safe sites for tour and they are not ready to take risk for enjoyment. Democratic regimes are more successful in handling the violence pressure and autocratic regimes are not able to cope with the violence that can harm tourism sector. Hall (2004) says that political stability and safety are prerequisites for a healthy tourism in country, the world faced a downstream in tourism economy since 2000-01 and developing countries are more effected, whereas Europe and U.S.A is still the most visited place in world. Terrorism in Greece, Turkey and conflict in between Egypt, Israel, Lebanon and others have a negative impact on tourism. Other nations of the region is also effected by the disturbance in region, they are facing a decline in tourism sector. As told above that developing nations are more hurt from this political violence and security threats to tourism sector, it took them years to correct their image in front of world. Huge loss in foreign revenues and decline in their gross domestic product is hurting them badly. So few steps are requires to save this peaceful sector from violence and disturbance. Dinah Payne et al. (1996) creates an ethical model for tourism industry that it is the largest and fastest growing industry in the world; it contributes much to GDP of country. Local community and environment is mostly kept outside from planning and management around the world. Local public should be included in the decision making and then it will helpful to all other factors in the tourism industry i.e. justice, integrity, competence and utility are the four main pillars that can help to create codes of ethics. Ethics is required in tourism secto r to make it move at smooth pace and this is basic factor that is helpful in tourism. Research shows the absence of ethics from the tourism industry, environment, community tourists and employees are the main factors that are required to enhance them more in tourism sector. The more will be the ethics the more will be the public and tourists interaction. Few suggestions are that local public should not be ignored, they should be more hospitable to tourists, they must save environment from destruction and list goes on. Codes should be followed in nice manner and that will be beneficial for the public and to tourism sector of country. So this ethics is much needed factor today in tourism industry to make it more attractive and peaceful.

The Psychosocial Burden Of Food Allergies On Humans

Josh Greenspan Idiots Guide Currently, I am studying the psychosocial burden of food allergies on humans. This burden can cause severe stress and anxiety. Before I started that topic, I needed to learn about the main problem food allergies. Essentially, An allergy is an overemphasized reaction by the immune system in response to exposure to certain foreign substances. It is exaggerated because these exotic substances are usually seen by the body as harmless and no response occurs in nonallergic people. In allergic individuals, the body recognizes the foreign substance and the immune system generates a response. The importance and benefits of psychosocial allergy research and just purely allergy research is shown in several ways. Some of†¦show more content†¦Then, the IgE molecules are differentiated into extremely specific sub-categories. Then, the IgE’s will attach to the allergen and create an antigen-antibody complex. Then, the complex will bind to a mast cell, which provokes the mast cell to release certain chemicals such as histamine and serotonin. This causes allergic symptoms, but I will get into that section later in the paper. An allergic response might lead to anaphylactic shock, a life threatening reaction that will happen in seconds after the initial intake of the allergen. Diagram 1 (freshlife.com) What happens during anaphylaxis? Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction. It will most likely occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to the allergen. Anaphylaxis needs an immediate trip to the ER and an injection of epinephrine. If anaphylaxis is not treated immediately, the victim will most likely die. Anaphylaxis is fatal and causes around 100-150 deaths a year. Fatalities can easily be prevented if anaphylaxis is treated at first sight. Currently, around the world, 0.5–2% of people have been estimated to have experienced anaphylaxis at some point in life, and rates seem to be ascending.Cardiovascularly, heart spasms might happen with quickly onset arrhythmia or cardiac arrest(heart attack).People with clinical heart defects are prone to cardiovascular problems with anaphylaxis. The heart spasms

Theories of the Origin and Evolution of Human Language

The expression language origins refers to theories pertaining to the emergence and development of language in human societies. Over the centuries, many theories have been put forward—and almost all of them have been challenged, discounted, and ridiculed. (See Where Does Language Come From?) In 1866, the Linguistic Society of Paris banned any discussion of the topic: The Society will accept no communication concerning either the origin of language or the creation of a universal language. Contemporary linguist Robbins Burling says that anyone who has read widely in the literature on language origins cannot escape a sneaking sympathy with the Paris linguists. Reams of nonsense have been written about the subject (The Talking Ape, 2005). In recent decades, however, scholars from such diverse fields as genetics, anthropology, and cognitive science have been engaged, as Christine Kenneally says, in a cross-discipline, multidimensional treasure hunt to find out how language began. It is, she says, the hardest problem in science today (The First Word, 2007). Observations on the Origins of Language Divine origin [is the] conjecture that human language originated as a gift from God. No scholar takes this idea seriously today. (R.L. Trask, A Students Dictionary of Language and Linguistics, 1997; rpt. Routledge, 2014) Numerous and varied explanations have been put forth to explain how humans acquired language—many of which date back to the time of the Paris ban. Some of the more fanciful explanations have been given nicknames, mainly to the effect of dismissal by ridicule. The scenario by which language evolved in humans to assist the coordination of working together (as on the pre-historic equivalent of a loading dock) has been nicknamed the yo-heave-ho model. Theres the bow-wow model in which language originated as imitations of animal cries. In the poo-poo model, language started from emotional interjections. During the twentieth century, and particularly its last few decades, discussion of language origins has become respectable and even fashionable. One major problem remains, however; most models about language origins do not readily lend themselves to the formation of testable hypotheses, or rigorous testing of any sort. What data will allow us to conclude that one model or another best explains how language arose? (Norman A. Johnson, Darwinian Detectives: Revealing the Natural History of Genes and Genomes. Oxford University Press, 2007) Physical Adaptations - Instead of looking at types of sounds as the source of human speech, we can look at the types of physical features humans possess, especially those that are distinct from other creatures, which may have been able to support speech production. . . . Human teeth are upright, not slanting outwards like those of apes, and they are roughly even in height. Such characteristics are . . . very helpful in making sounds such as f or v. Human lips have much more intricate muscle lacing than is found in other primates and their resulting flexibility certainly helps in making sounds like p, b, and m. In fact, the b and m sounds are the most widely attested in the vocalizations made by human infants during their first year, no matter which language their parents are using. (George Yule, The Study of Language, 5th ed. Cambridge University Press, 2014) -   In the evolution of the human vocal tract since the split with other apes, the adult larynx descended to its lower position. Phonetician Philip Lieberman has persuasively argued that the ultimate cause of the human lowered larynx is its function in producing different vowels. This is a case of natural selection for more effective communication. . . . Babies are born with their larynxes in a high position, like monkeys. This is functional, as there is a reduced risk of choking, and babies are not yet talking. . . . By about the end of the first year, the human larynx descends to its near-adult lowered position. This is a case of ontogeny recapitulating phylogeny, the growth of the individual reflecting the evolution of the species. (James R. Hurford, The Origins of Language. Oxford University Press, 2014) From Words to Syntax Language-ready modern children learn vocabulary voraciously before they begin to make grammatical utterances several words long. So we presume that in the origins of language a one-word stage preceded our remote ancestors first steps into grammar. The term protolanguage has been widely used to describe this one-word stage, where there is vocabulary but no grammar. (James R. Hurford, The Origins of Language. Oxford University Press, 2014) The Gesture Theory of Language Origin - Speculation about how languages originate and evolve has had an important place in the history of ideas, and it has been intimately linked to questions about the nature of the signed languages of the deaf and human gestural behavior in general. It can be argued, from a phylogenetic perspective, the origin of human sign languages is coincident with the origin of human languages; sign languages, that is, are likely to have been the first true languages. This is not a new perspective--it is perhaps as old as nonreligious speculation about the way human language may have begun. (David F. Armstrong and Sherman E. Wilcox, The Gestural Origin of Language. Oxford University Press, 2007) - [A]n analysis of the physical structure of visible gesture provides insights into the origins of syntax, perhaps the most difficult question facing students of the origin and evolution of language . . .. It is the origin of syntax that transforms naming into language, by enabling human beings to comment on and think about the relationships between things and events, that is, by enabling them to articulate complex thoughts and, most important, share them with others. . . . We are not the first to suggest a gestural origin of language. [Gordon] Hewes (1973; 1974; 1976) was one of the first modern proponents of a gestural origins theory. [Adam] Kendon (1991: 215) also suggests that the first kind of behaviour that could be said to be functioning in anything like a linguistic fashion would have had to have been gestural. For Kendon, as for most others who consider gestural origins of language, gestures are placed in opposition to speech and vocalization. . . . While we would agree with Kendons strategy of examining the relationships among spoken and signed languages, pantomime, graphic depiction, and other modes of human representation, we are not convinced that placing gesture in opposition to speech leads to a productive framework for understanding the emergence of cognition and language. For us, the answer to the question, If language began as gesture, why did it not stay that way? is that it did. . . . All language, in the words of Ulrich Neisser (1976), is articulatory gesturing. We are not proposing that language began as gesture and became vocal. Language has been and always will be gestural (at least until we evolve a reliable and universal capacity for mental telepathy). (David F. Armstrong, William C. Stokoe, and Sherman E. Wilcox, Gesture and the Nature of Language. Cambridge University Press, 1995) - If, with [Dwight] Whitney, we think of language as a complex of instrumentalities which serve in the expression of thought (as he would say--one might not wish to put it quite like this today), then gesture is part of language. For those of us with an interest in language conceived of in this way, our task must include working out all the intricate ways in which gesture is used in relation to speech and of showing the circumstances in which the organization of each is differentiated from the other as well as the ways in which they overlap. This can only enrich our understanding of how these instrumentalities function. If, on the other hand, we define language in structural terms, thus excluding from consideration most, if not all, of the kinds of gestural usages I have illustrated today, we may be in danger of missing important features of how language, so defined, actually succeeds as an instrument of communication. Such a structural definition is valuable as a matter of convenien ce, as a way of delimiting a field of concern. On the other hand, from the point of view of a comprehensive theory of how humans do all the things they do by means of utterances, it cannot be sufficient. (Adam Kendon, Language and Gesture: Unity or Duality? Language and Gesture, ed. by David McNeill. Cambridge University Press, 2000) Language as a Device for Bonding [T]he size of human social groups gives rise to a serious problem: grooming is the mechanism that is used to bond social groups among primates, but human groups are so large that it would be impossible to invest enough time in grooming to bond groups of this size effectively. The alternative suggestion, then, is that language evolved as a device for bonding large social groups--in other words, as a form of grooming-at-a-distance. The kind of information that language was designed to carry was not about the physical world, but rather about the social world. Note that the issue here is not the evolution of grammar as such, but the evolution of language. Grammar would have been equally useful whether language evolved to subserve a social or a technological function. (Robin I.A. Dunbar, The Origin and Subsequent Evolution of Language. Language Evolution, ed. by Morten H. Christiansen and Simon Kirby. Oxford University Press, 2003) Otto Jespersen on Language as Play (1922) - [P]rimitive speakers were not reticent and reserved beings, but youthful men and women babbling merrily on, without being so particular about the meaning of each word. . . . They chattered away for the mere pleasure of chattering . . ..   [P]rimitive speech . . . resembles the speech of little baby himself, before he begins to frame his own language after the pattern of the grownups; the language of our remote forefathers was like that ceaseless humming and crooning with which no thoughts are as yet connected, which merely amuses and delights the little one. Language originated as play, and the organs of speech were first trained in this singing sport of idle hours. (Otto Jespersen,Language: Its Nature, Development and Origin, 1922) - It is quite interesting to note that these modern views [on the commonality of language and music and of language and dance] were anticipated in great detail by Jespersen (1922: 392-442). In his speculations about the origin of language, he arrived at the view that referential language must have been preceded by singing, which in its turn was functional in fulfilling the need for sex (or love), on the one hand, and the need for coordinating collective work, on the other. These speculations have, in turn, their origins in [Charles] Darwins 1871 book The Descent of Man: we may conclude from a widely-spread analogy that this power would have been especially exerted during the courtship of the sexes, serving to express various emotions. . . . The imitation by articulate sounds of musical cries might have given rise to words expressive of various complex emotions. (quoted from Howard 1982: 70) The modern scholars mentioned above agree in rejecting the well-known scenario according to which language originated as a system of monosyllabic grunt-like sounds that had the (referential) function of pointing at things. Instead, they propose a scenario according to which referential meaning was slowly grafted upon nearly autonomous melodious sound. (Esa Itkonen, Analogy as Structure and Process: Approaches in Linguistics, Cognitive Psychology and Philosophy of Science. John Benjamins, 2005) Divided Views on the Origins of Language (2016) Today, opinion on the matter of language origins is still deeply divided. On the one hand, there are those who feel that language is so complex, and so deeply ingrained in the human condition, that it must have evolved slowly over immense periods of time. Indeed, some believe that its roots go all the way back to  Homo habilis, a tiny-brained hominid that lived in Africa not far short of two million years ago. On the other, there are those like [Robert] Berwick and [Noam] Chomsky who believe that humans acquired language quite recently, in an abrupt event. Nobody is in the middle on this one, except to the extent that different extinct hominid species are seen as the inaugurators of language’s slow evolutionary trajectory. That this deep dichotomy of viewpoint has been able to persist (not only among linguists, but among paleoanthropologists, archaeologists, cognitive scientists, and others) for as long as anyone can remember is due to one simple fact: at least until the very recent advent of writing systems, language has left no trace in any durable record. Whether any early humans possessed language, or didn’t, has had to be inferred from indirect proxy indicators. And views have diverged greatly on the matter of what is an acceptable proxy. (Ian Tattersall, At the Birth of Language.   The New York Review of Books, August 18, 2016) Also  See Where Does Language Come From?: Five Theories on the Origins of Language Cognitive Linguistics  and  Neurolinguistics

Essay on Hector as the Ideal Homeric Man of Homers Iliad

Hector as the Ideal Homeric Man of Homers Iliad Homers Iliad enthralls readers with its’ valiant heroes who fight for the glory of Greece. The Iliad, however, is not just a story of war; it is also a story of individuals. Through the characters words and actions, Homer paints portraits of petulant Achilles and vain Agamemnon, doomed Paris and Helen, loyal Patroclus, tragic Priam, versatile Odysseus, and the whole cast of Gods. Ironically, the most complete character in the epic is Hector, enemy hero, and Prince of Troy. Hector is in many ways the ideal Homeric man: he is a man of compassion and piety, a man of integrity and bravery, a man who loves his family, and above all, a man who understands and fulfills his social†¦show more content†¦Had Agamemnon demonstrated the same sort of compassion towards the supplicant Chryses, the Greeks would have been spared the wrath of Apollo. Hectors compassion and his respect for the gods, engenders the trust and respect of his people, and makes him an ideal leader. Hector continues on to the palace, where he is embraced by his mother Hecuba, who offers him wine with which to refresh himself and to honor the Gods. Hector politely answers, Mother, not now-Id lose my nerve for war. And Id be ashamed to pour a glistening cup to Zeus with unwashed hands. Im splattered with blood and filth-how could I pray to the lord of storm and lightning? (VI, 179-183). He then recommends that his mother go with offerings to Athenas shrine to make sacrifices for the success of the Trojans. Hectors respectful address to his mother, his humility before the Gods and his understanding of the appropriate forms of supplication, stand in sharp contrast to Achilles earlier whining and self-serving demands made to Thetis. Once again, in the matter of piety as well as compassion, Hector is the superior man. Nowhere in the Iliad is Hectors superiority more obvious than when he is contrasted with his brother Paris, the man who bears the sole responsibility for the chaos and terror that engulfs Troy. Hector finds Paris polishing (and) fondling his splendid battle-gear, his shield and breastplate, turning over and over his long curved bow (VI, 243-245).Show MoreRelatedThe New Hero of Aeneas Essay2008 Words   |  9 Pagescontinue. The objective of this essay is to clean the bifocals of those whom I presumed after reading the Aeneid as a botched-up replica of the Iliad and the Odyssey conclude that it is indeed so and go about perpetuating such calumny. Hence, to answer the obvious, if we strip Vergilius of his diction and metre, we leave him a new type of hero. Well, actually he leaves us a new type of hero, a hero that is foreign to the golden age of Homer. He presents a new ideal of heroism and shows us in whatRead More The Paradox of Heroism in Homer’s Iliad1951 Words   |  8 PagesThe Paradox of Heroism in Homer’s Iliad The Iliad presents a full range of valorous warriors: the Achaians Diomedes, Odysseus, and the Aiantes; the Trojans Sarpedon, Aeneas, and Glaukos. These and many others are Homer’s models of virtue in arms. Excelling all of them, however, are the epic’s two central characters, Achilleus, the son of Peleus and, Hector, the son of Priam. In these two, one finds the physical strength, intense determination, and strenuous drive that give them first place

The Significance Of Feminism In The Handmaids Tale

I agree to a large extent that a writer’s task is to make insignificant things significant. It allows authors to shed light on important, but maybe overlooked, issues plaguing society and make the reader appreciate what we originally took for granted. This is evident through Margaret Atwood’s novel The Handmaid’s Tale, a work of speculative fiction that depicts a dystopian future world called Gilead. In this novel, Atwood does a great job of highlighting the significance of feminism or specifically the lack thereof and warns the reader of the consequences that comes along with not recognising the effects on women in a patriarchal society. During the 1980’s, when The Handmaid’s Tale was written, women in North America had the right to†¦show more content†¦By warning what the world may come to if we continue to ignore what feminists have done and are still doing, FINISH Additionally, at the time Atwood was writing the novel, the president of the United States was a republican named Ronald Reagan. His party were known for their conservative and religious beliefs overruling their actions and one aspect they were in favour of was taking away the legality of abortions within America. Once again, men were dictating the rights women have over their bodies, and there is no shortage of this discrimination in the novel. The Republic of Gilead was a strict, totalitarian regime that based its laws and customs around the Christian Bible. Roles were assigned where men had access to education and have influential positions whereas women were regarded as second-class citizens who should be subject to men. However, the creators of Gilead justified their regulations by claiming women were more protected in their society. During her time in the Red Centre, Offred and the rest of the Handmaids were shown sadistic, pornographic films to demonstrate how women were humil iated and abused in the old system and persuade them that they were better off under Gilead. Aunt Lydia further emphasised how women of Gilead should be grateful for such insurance by stating that rather than having ‘freedom to’ participate in the government, be educated, hold property or have aShow MoreRelatedFeminism in The Handmaids Tale626 Words   |  3 PagesChoice Novel Paper: Feminism in The Handmaid’s Tale In today’s news we see many disruptions and inconsistencies in society, and, according to Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, humankind might be headed in that direction. The deterioration of society is a concept often explored biologically in novels, but less common, is the effect on everyday social constructs such as the position of women as a item that can be distributed and traded-in for a ‘better’ product. The Handmaid’s Tale elaborates theRead MoreHandmaids1019 Words   |  5 Pagesgood text revolves not only around its content, but also its language and construction. This notion articulates profoundly within Margaret Atwood’s novel A Handmaid’s Tale as it is, after all, the author’s manipulation of the language and construction which enacts as vehicles towards the reader’s understanding of the content. A Handmaid’s Tale is a confrontational post-modern work of feminist dystopian fiction; it depicts a protagonist’s struggle to adapt to a totalitarian and theocratic state whereRead MoreEssay on Feminism in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale1096 Words   |  5 PagesFeminism in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale In The Handmaids Tale, Margaret Atwood explores the role that women play in society and the consequences of a countryà ­s value system. She reveals that values held in the United States are a threat to the livelihood and status of women. As one critic writes, â€Å"the author has concluded that present social trends are dangerous to individual welfare† (Prescott 151).   The novel is set in the near future in Gilead, formerly the U.S., at a time whenRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale Literacy Essay1841 Words   |  8 PagesENG4U: The Handmaid’s Tale Literacy Essay Shoshannah Lewis Margret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale takes place in the closely monitored, male dominant area of Gilead where women are deprived of their sexual and human rights, forbidding them to live independently. For many years prior to Gilead’s existence, women were seen as inferior to men and neglected of basic human rights such as voting, career opportunities, and equal salaries. The Republic of Gilead was later introduced following the transitionRead MoreThe Importance of Names in Frankenstein and the Handmaids Tale1619 Words   |  7 Pagesus; to think about it with care and affection. 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Even before her involvement with the organization, she had also published works that were concerned with feminism, such as Power Politics, You Are Happy, and Two-Headed Poem (Mannani). Specifically before the making of the novel The Handmaid’s Tale, she recalls that she was inspired by the Bible after noticing that people believed â€Å"‘A woman’s place is in the house.’†¦She [was] convinced that such enforcement would not come throughRead MorePride And Prejudice Feminism Essay1315 Words   |  6 PagesIn multiple novels written man y years ago, such as A Doll’s House, Jane Eyre, and A Handmaid’s Tale, feminism is a recurring issue that is expressed throughout the plot. At that point in time, women were looked upon as being significantly less than men. In Europe, women were seen as housekeepers and overseers of the family. In religion, women were encouraged to learn to read and write, so they were able to raise the children in a religious household. During the time that Jane Austen wrote PrideRead MoreGender And Gender Roles : The Black Boys2966 Words   |  12 Pagesfreedom, in their personal lives’ . Plath and McEwan depict women as inferior yet not muted to patriarchy. Kesey on the other hand, places women at the head of social hierarchy. Feminist, Toril Moi asserts that the text-based methodology of French feminism successfully decomposes patriarchal structures of gender, therefore challenges the culture on its own terms. This can be intrinsically linked with the portrayal of Ratched and her position in the ward. Considering Marxist, Althusser’s notion on

Kant and Singer The Moral Status of Animals Free Essays

Emmanuel Kant and Peter Singer expressed essentially opposing views on the moral status of animals.   Because animals are non-rational creatures, Kant did not believe that they had any moral status.   However, he did feel that human beings had a moral obligation to avoid cruelty to animals because being cruel was in opposition to the duty that mankind had to strengthen compassion in itself (MacKinnon, date, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Kant and Singer: The Moral Status of Animals or any similar topic only for you Order Now ).   The duty to prevent cruelty to animals, then, is one that humanity owes to itself, not to the animal kingdom. Peter Singer, however, believes that animals themselves are moral agents.   Unlike Kant, Singer believes that â€Å"animal interests are the basis for their having rights and rights that are equal to humans† (MacKinnon, date, pp. 363-364).   MacKinnon goes on to explain that Singer bases his position on the theoretical foundation that animals’ experiences of pleasure fulfill one or more of their interests.   Since animals appear to have interests similar to those of human beings, Singer believes that their interest should have equal weight to those of humans (p. 364). Singer appears to write in opposition to the statement that treatment of two groups can differ and still be morally equivalent.   His position indicates that by not recognizing animals’ equal right to those of human beings, that humans are guilty of â€Å"speciesism,† a type of racism.   For this reason, animals have a right to freedom from suffering.   However, Singer also believes that it does not matter if an animal is not extended a right to vote, because an animal has no interest in voting (MacKinnon, date, pp. 363-364). It would make sense to extend some rights, like that to be free from suffering, to animals.   Other sensible rights that could be extended would be the right to sufficient food, water, and shelter.   Other rights, such as the right to choose, the right to sexual freedom, and the right to medical care are arguable at best.   It is never possible to know an animal’s motivation for making a choice and sexual activity in animals is intended solely for survival of the species and not for pleasure.   Extending these rights might change the way society treats animals; however, these acts are already expected from those individuals who harbor animals. Although I would change the way that society treats animals, I do not feel that extending them rights is the answer.   Instead, I feel that it is necessary to increase the penalties connected with animal cruelty violations, making certain degrees of cruelty felonies, rather than mere misdemeanors.   Increasing or creating animal rights would only be possible by infringing on certain human rights.   Unlike animals, we would be aware of this infringement and would be harmed by the change in our status. Reference MacKinnon, B. (date). Ethics How to cite Kant and Singer: The Moral Status of Animals, Essay examples

Movie Summary The Lost Battalion Essay Example For Students

Movie Summary The Lost Battalion Essay The movie The Lost Battalion is a movie about a battalion in 1918 that was sent out to battle during World War 1. Major Charles White Wittlesey is assigned by General Robert Alexander to lead his troops to the Argonne Forest with five hundred men where they face severally bloody battle with the Germans forces. However, the forces were supposed to be given support through the flanks retreat and communications with the head quarter of the 77th American Division are cut. Major Wittlesey and holds his position with his men, mostly, Irish, Polish, Italian and Jewish immigrants from New York which are surround and outnumber by the German army; with no food, water, ammunitions and medical supplies. In this movie the main characters all developed a friendship for example Private Bob Yoder and Private Lipasti connected with the fact that they both volunteered for the battalion which lead to Yoder inviting Lipasti to visit his home town. Experiences was a symbolism that was a reoccurring aspect throughout the movie. Experience was a problem for Major Wittlesey, in the beginning of the movie he realizes that he will need every man he can get so he could push through the German forces. Wittlesey gains a great number of inexperienced dough boys straight from the basic training who’ve never seen an actually battle before. Having men unaccustomed to a military battle became a burden because it slowed down the battalion causing more deaths then had could have been with experienced soldiers. For an example, in the movie Major Wittlesey had to help a soldier (Find name) during mid-battle reload his gun, which could have been cost Major Wittlesey his own life. This is an important scene because it shows the struggle the Americans had to overcome, forcing them to learn from their mistakes throughout the battalion and also fight their hardest with all the obstacles they must face. The war affected American severely due to the lack of medical supplies, they were blinded by gas bombs and torched with flamethrower, killed by the Germans and either killed or injured by their own channels. While trying to help their wounded they came across of not having any medical supplies so they couldn’t treat their wounded without reusing medical bandages. Which in some retrospect will leave them traumatized with what we call â€Å"shell shock and/or PTSD† by the things that they had seen in combat. The Lt. Teichmoeller who was in charge of firing the channel emotional broke down because he had gave permission to fire channel which landed on his troops. The ethnicity background in the lost battalion showed the integrations of different ethnic who are accustomed to hating each other finding their way of burying the hatchet in war. The American and German headquarters had no respect for on another but Major Henrich Prinz understand how bad the war was becoming offered medical the American food and medical aid if the Americans surrender. The American soldiers and the German soldiers did not hate each other they were following orders. The troop on the Western front realized that their troops had been through purgatory which is why they needed to find them so they could start to extract their soldiers from battle safety. Weaponry in this war we’re very complex, German’s had their type’s guns while American’s had theirs. During this war Americans were running out of bullets for their guns and therefore they took the dead of the Germans guns to fight against the Germans in the war. There were different types of guns in this war there were M1917 Revolvers that was used by Lt. Leak, Flat mainspring used by Major Wittlesey, Colt M1911 used by Captain Nelson Holderman and Captain George McMurtry, Luger P08 carried by German officer who shakes hands with an American. Rifles were used by the American, Mauser Gewehr 1898 were guns that German snipers, Germans also used Maxim MG08, Flammenwerfer M. 16 which are flamethrowers. .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 , .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 .postImageUrl , .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 , .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02:hover , .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02:visited , .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02:active { border:0!important; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02:active , .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Technology in the Movie Gattaca EssayDuring the movie the Americans had no ammunition for their guns so they used the German guns. In my opinion this is far from a Hollywood movie: It clearly demonstrates the futility and horror of the attacks that the ordinary infantry soldier had to go through. It doesnt leave out the fact that the generals only had few respect for peoples lives and it also shows that many mistakes were made like bombing the own troops. It all happened in reality and it is all shown very well in this movie. I would recommend this as an historical film because its shows a clear view of the 1918 battalion in WW1. The battle scenes are very gone and realistic, in war of trenches and bayonet and the actors had a difficult task of trying to act fearful of their lives but yet hopeful of the accomplishing their lives. The Americans fought the Germans violently for five days without food, water, medical supplies and a very limited supply of ammunition. If it was not for the strength of those soldiers to overcome impossible conditions, the entire force may have been obliterated in five day siege. After the five day siege many soldiers earned awards.

Entrepreneurship Effective Small Business â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Entrepreneurship Effective Small Business? Answer: Introduction The idea which is invented to introduce a new business in the market is known as business plan. This is the official term and under this term various processes are included such as planning, forecasting, raising funds, opting advertisement and promotional techniques, etc. Apart from these components, business plan also includes the goals and the objectives set up by the management of the organization. Under this report, New Look Salons business plan will be discussed which will be introduced in the New York City of United States of America. Due to the prime location of this city, organization has planned to adopt various strategies through which all the tasks of new business could be could be executed in an appropriate manner. The major objective of the organization is to provide adequate salon services to the medium class people whose earnings are not enough to consume salon services. Hence, the prices of the services offered under New Look Salon will be set in relevance with the me dium level income group. Vision and Mission of the New Look Salon Every organization develops their goals and the objectives to survive in the dynamic business environment. The basic motive behind developing these goals is that, organization set targets for them to reach to the targets in a particular period of time and if those targets are achieved adequately within the set time period then it will be marked as successful organization. Apart from this, every organization set ups their business with an assumption of long run survival and this assumption is also included in the mission of the organization (Lee, Barker Mouasher, 2013). The same missions are being developed by the management of the New Look Salon. While their some objectives and goals differ from general organizations, rather operating for profits, New Look Salon has decided to provide experience of salon services to the people who generally do not opt for salon. Despite being this motive, organization needs to adopt an effective pricing strategy through which organization could be able to recover its cost of production as well as the other expenses of the salon because operating the functionalities in the New York City are very expensive (Compact, 2015). Apart from these missions, salons management has also invented various ways through which those missions could be easily achieved. While developing the visions in order to meet with the mission set up by the management of the New Look Salon, appropriate actions are being taken. Company sets vision in order to achieve the future objectives and it is set up from the perception of achieving adequate growth. It is a road map through which organization could reach to the desired destination set up by the management of the New Look Salon (Yoon, Lee Chang, 2017) Business and industry profile The major activity of a salon is hairdressing services, make-up, cosmetic services and massage and therapy services. These services can be consumed by ladies as well as by men. Under this industry, organization needs to provide adequate training to its staff members in order to deliver the adequate services to its consumers. As this industry serves the services in relevance with the human body and a small mistake could harm them. Hence, training measures and using quality materials are very crucial aspect of this industry. Appointment of the staff is also done on the basis of knowledge of the candidate in relevance with the salon services. Qualification does not impact much on these types of jobs but talent plays important role. For every part of the body, specialist is appointed and amongst them, hair stylist, skin specialist, etc. person are appointed in order to provide adequate types of services which are offered under a salon. New Look Salon will not be able to appoint separate person for all every unique service. But they can appoint an experienced candidate who should be capable enough to serve the consumers with adequate type of services (Martin, 2015). Business strategy Business strategy is the procedure through which organization could be able to achieve its desired goals and the objectives. In relation with the scenario of New Look Salon, the major objective is to provide salon services to the medium class income people and apart from them, anyone can avail the services, there will be no restriction (Scholes, 2015). Under this method, appropriate and effective strategies will be adopted in order to implement those in the workplace of New Look Salon in order to achieve the adequate amount of goals for the organization. Apart from this, business strategy of the New Look Salon will be efficient enough because they have planned to operate their functionalities in the most expensive city of the world. Hence, in order to achieve the desired goals for the organization, strategies opted by the management needs to be efficient as well as effective enough to reach to the desired destination (Chang, 2016). Products and Services Under New Look Salons premises, unique types of services as well as beauty products are available. In order to attain the goals for the organization, New Look Salon has adopted the adequate quality standards through which customers can satisfy their requirements in relevance with the salon. Apart from salon products that will be used for grooming the customers, they are selling the beauty products through which consumers can treat them at their homes only. Beauty products such as face creams, body lotion, hair serum, etc. are provided to the consumers. New Look Salons some services are skin treatment, bridal and grooms packages, hair treatment, massage services, spa, etc. are provided and at the cheapest price in order to attain the customers attention. This will also help them to grow in their industry as well as the chances for the expansion of the business arises (Hoskisson, 2009). Through these products and the services provided by the salon to their consumers, a trust level against the organization is built in the consumers. Along with the trust level, it also helps the organization to attain the competitive advantage in the dynamic business environment (Glowik Smyczek, 2011). Marketing Strategy The major marketing will be done through the electronic medium of the promotion and the advertisement because these are the trending methods as well as it also helps the organization to cover more market area in relevance with other platforms of the promotion. Apart from the electronic medium of promotion, organization will also adopt the paper medium for promoting their business in the domestic market. As the products and the services will mainly be consumed by the local public and especially by the medium class income group and this is because they will promote their salon with this tag line only. In promotional campaign of the New Look salon, price list will also be displayed in order to more number of consumers. Despite being in the New York City which is known for being expensive, they are providing salon services at reasonable rates and this will be the key aspect through which they can attain more number of consumers (Gruca Rego, 2009). Apart from this, they have also included the discount and offer strategy in their marketing strategy in order to promote their salon in the market. On taking the membership for one year, organization will provide an additional discount of 10% and all the services consumed by the customer in that one year will also be charged at 5% discount. This offer will be for a certain period of time and this is specially added in the marketing strategy of the salon to attract more number of people and to gain competitive advantage in the competitive business environment in New York City (Farahmand, 2011). Location and Layout Location of the New Look salon is quite attractive as well as it has the capability to gain more number of consumers. New York is the place where large number of public prefers to adopt salon services irrelevance to their income, age, etc. But normal and medium income group of people prefers to opt for reasonable salon while high standard people prefer to consume the services of high class salons. In relation with the New Look Salon, their location and the layout of the salon are quite attractive as well as reliable. It will be capable enough to gain number of consumers as well as to beat its competitors strategies. New Look Salon will operate its functionalities from the Rockefeller Centre which is known as the iconic midtown business complex of New York City. This location is amongst the most attractive and famous places of the New York while it will also be easily reachable for most of the public (Drummond, Ensor Ashford, 2012). These are some of the strategies which will be considered as the location and the layout services of the organization and these are crucial element of business plan especially for a new business idea. Apart from this, infrastructure of the salon will not be less than a high class salon and it will be known as the compatible and reasonable salon across the New York City (Cool Schendel, 2010). Competitor Analysis There are a number of salons available of various sizes in New York while none of them carry the similar idea as compared to the New Look Salon has invented. Major competitors of New Look salon will be New NYC Hair Salon, Sorayahs Salon Services, FourStar Salon Services, etc. All of these are ranked under the three to five start rating of the salon services. New Look Salon is introducing their salon below these ratings but their services are not less than the services offered in these big standards salons (Scarborough, 2015). In order to gain the competitive advantage, organization will perform the competitor analysis in relation to gain the relevant information of the strategies implemented by them for attracting the consumers. After reviewing those strategies, organization will develop some unique strategies in order to beat its competitors as well as through which organization could attain the adequate outcomes (Renton, et. al., 2015). Description of the Management team New Look Salon is not a big or multinational level organization; it is introducing the salon services for the first time and with a small professional team in order to provide adequate salon services to the medium income group of people. This is the idea invented by them for gaining the more number of consumers as New Look Salons infrastructure, products, services and the professionals will be of optimum quality but in order to provide the experience of high class salon to the less income group people, New Look Salon has adopted this strategy. Management team of the organization is having three members including the one owner. It is a small management team and other two persons are investors as well as the member of management team who takes the decision on the behalf of the organization in order to develop its distinctive image in the competitive salon industry (Pardalos Tsitsiringos, 2013). Plan of Operations Under this step of the business plan, according to the organizational capabilities, goals and objectives will be developed in order to attain the growth in the particular industry. All the functionalities which will be operated in the New Look Salon business will be executed in an adequate manner so that the possibility of their failure decreases and the chances of success rise. Under the plan of operations, from the process of planning till the process of raising funds and the promotion of the business idea are analysed and ranked on their importance basis. After this process, execution of the several strategies and the plans takes places in order to develop the identity in the new market (Lam Harker, 2015). Financial Forecast The major objective of the New Look Salon is to deploy their services in the New York City and behind these objective, certain resources are needs to be arranges such as professionals for salon services, funds to operate the activities, office, infrastructure for the salon, etc. In order to fulfil these objectives, organization will require funds and for raising funds, organization has two investors and apart from those investors, loans, advances, etc. are some sources available with the organization for raising funds to operate its activities. The basic expenses of the organization will be the start-up cost i.e. expenses on leasing of land, infrastructure, and office supplies, legal certificate to operate business activities, hiring of professionals, promotional and the advertisement expenses, etc. will be included in the start-up cost and these will be high costs as they are relevance with the setting up the business (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Apart from this, New Look salon may appoint an investment analyst who can guide them in order to raise the funds as well as to attain the objectives for the organization. Along with these expenses, it is expected that a minimum of 25% growth will be easily attainable in the New York City with this idea of start-up and this rate of growth is quite attractive (Baker, 2014). Loan or Investment Proposal New Look Salon is starting up their business at the small level with approximate 5-7 customers attainability capacity. In order to expand the business in future, management may opt for the loan or search the investors through showing their business capability as well as the financial statements of the previous accounting years. At the initial period, organization may arrange certain capital from the loan or through other resources otherwise all the initial requirements will be fulfilled through the internal sources of funds only (Armstrong, et. al., 2015). Conclusion This report concludes the various aspects of developing a business plan and under this report, business plan for New Look Salon was discussed in order to develop their presence in the New York City. Initially, the business activities will be operated at small level but after reviewing the response from the public of New York City, it will be expanded as per the demand. Hence, for this purpose, vision and mission in relation with the New Look Salon, profile of the business, strategies opted to gain the success, marketing strategy, etc. components of the business plan were discussed. It can be assumed that organization could be able to develop their separate image in the salon industry of New York City. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Baker, M.J., 2014.Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Chang, J.F., 2016.Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press. Compact, C., 2015. Mission and vision. Cool, K., Schendel, D., 2010. 'Performance differences among strategic group members', Strategic Management Journal, 9(3) , pp. 207-223 Drummond, G., Ensor, J. Ashford, R., 2012. Strategic Marketing: Planning and Control, (4th) London: Palgrave Macmillan Farahmand, N. F., 2011. Organizational marketing planning by management educated managers, African Journal of Marketing Management, 3(8), pp. 178-187 Glowik, M. Smyczek, S., 2011. International Marketing Management: Strategies, Concepts and Cases in Europe, Page 301, (4th), New York: Physica-Verlag Gruca, T. S. Rego, L. L., 2009. Customer Satisfaction, Cash Flow and Shareholder Value, Journal of Marketing, 69, 11530 Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A, 2014, Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hoskisson, R., 2009. Business strategy: theory and cases. (6th), UK: John Murray Lam, W. and Harker, M.J., 2015. Marketing and entrepreneurship: An integrated view from the entrepreneurs perspective.International Small Business Journal,33(3), pp.321-348. Lee, K.H., Barker, M. and Mouasher, A., 2013. Is it even espoused? An exploratory study of commitment to sustainability as evidenced in vision, mission, and graduate attribute statements in Australian universities.Journal of Cleaner Production,48, pp.20-28. Martin, K., 2015. Keeping ahead in the beauty salon business.Professional Beauty, (May/Jun 2015), p.54. Pardalos, P.M. and Tsitsiringos, V. eds., 2013.Financial engineering, E-commerce and supply chain(Vol. 70). Springer Science Business Media. Renton, M., Daellenbach, U., Davenport, S. and Richard, J., 2015. Small but sophisticated: entrepreneurial marketing and SME approaches to brand management.Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship,17(2), pp.149-164. Scarborough, N.M., 2015.Entrepreneurship and effective small business management. Pearson Higher Ed. Scholes, M.S., 2015.Taxes and business strategy. Prentice Hall. Yoon, J., Lee, Y. and Chang, D.R., 2017. An investigation into the vision and mission statements of multipurpose cultural institutions for place brand communication of Dongdaemun Design Plaza.Place Branding and Public Diplomacy,13(1), pp.34-50.

DBQ Simple Sample Essay

DBQ Simple Sample EssayDBQ simple sample essay is considered as one of the high-ranking academic paper that is often used by many students to complete while they are in high school. The goal of this DBQ sample essay is to help the student to understand and learn about the mechanics of database development.DBQ sample essay consists of five primary parts: introduction, presentation, analysis, conclusion, and modeling. Each part has a specific purpose to help the students better understand DBQ.In DBQ introduction, the students are required to write about their interest. Their opinion about the DBQ basic characteristics or aspects is important because it will guide them on the details of the DBQ basics. The information must be well-written and well-organized.In DBQ presentation, the students must be able to introduce DBQ to the reader. They must also make sure that they know the importance of the DBQ on a business. The student must also be able to explain how database development can ass ist to improve the company's profit rate. It must also be emphasized that database development is a dynamic process that makes improvements.In DBQ analysis, the students must be able to analyze what kind of operation will be needed to understand the actual procedure of DBQ. Then, they must summarize the overall benefits of DBQ development. They must also make sure that they know the importance of the need for database development. This section is important because it will help the students to know the basic concepts of DBQ.DBQ conclusion must be written by the students. It is an important part because it contains the final result of DBQ analysis. It must also show the benefits of DBQ development.DBQ simple sample essay helps the students to know the basic fundamentals of DBQ. It is also important because it provides knowledge that will help the students to know how the database system works.DBQ simple sample essay is also helpful to help the students to find an appropriate concept f or the next DBQ project. It will also help the students to have an understanding of the different levels of DBQ and how DBQ changes as the application grows.

Biography of Babe Ruth, Home Run King

Biography of Babe Ruth, Home Run King Babe Ruth (February 6, 1895–August 16, 1948) is often referred to as the greatest baseball player who ever lived. In 22 seasons, Ruth hit a record 714 home runs. Many of his numerous records for both pitching and hitting lasted for decades. Ruth won many honors during and after his baseball career, including being named to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team and the Major League Baseball All-Time Team. In 1936, Ruth was among the first five inductees into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Fast Facts: Babe Ruth Known For: Member of the New York Yankees who became the Home Run KingAlso Known As: George Herman Ruth Jr., Sultan of Swat, the Home Run King, Bambino, the BabeBorn: February 6, 1895 in Baltimore, MarylandParents: Katherine (Schamberger), George Herman Ruth Sr.Died: August 16, 1948 in Manhattan, New YorkPublished Works: Playing the Game: My Early Years in Baseball, The Babe Ruth Story, Babe Ruths Own Book of BaseballAwards and Honors: Monument Park  honoree (plaque at open-air museum at Yankee Stadium), Major League Baseball All-Century Team, Major League Baseball All-Time Team, Major League Baseball Hall of FameSpouses: Helen Woodford (m. 1914–1929), Claire Merritt Hodgson (m. April 17, 1929–August 16, 1948)Children: DorothyNotable Quote: â€Å"Never let the fear of striking out get in your way.† Early Years Ruth, born as George Herman Ruth Jr., and his sister Mamie were the only two of George and Kate Ruths eight children to survive childhood. Georges parents worked long hours running a bar, and so little George ran the streets of Baltimore, Maryland getting into trouble. When Ruth was 7 years old, his parents sent their incorrigible son to St. Marys Industrial School for Boys. With only a few exceptions, George lived at this reformatory school until he was 19 years old. Learns to Play Baseball It was at St. Marys that George Ruth developed into a good baseball player. Although George was a natural as soon as he stepped onto the baseball field, it was Brother Matthias, the prefect of discipline at St. Marys, who helped George fine-tune his skills. The New Babe By the time George Ruth was 19, he had drawn the eyes of minor league recruiter Jack Dunn. Jack liked the way George pitched and so he signed him to the Baltimore Orioles for $600. George was ecstatic to get paid to play the game he loved. There are several stories about how George Ruth got his nickname Babe. The most popular is that Dunn was often finding new recruits and so when George Ruth showed up at practice, another player called out, hes one of Dunnies babes, which eventually was just shortened to Babe. Jack Dunn was great at finding talented baseball players, but he was losing money. After only five months with the Orioles, Dunn sold Ruth to the Boston Red Sox on July 10, 1914. The Red Sox Although now in the major leagues, Ruth didnt get to play much in the beginning. Ruth was even sent to play for the Grays, a minor league team, for a few months. It was during this first season in Boston that Ruth met and fell in love with the young waitress Helen Woodford, who worked at a local coffee shop. The two married in October 1914. By 1915, Ruth was back with the Red Sox and pitching. Over the next few seasons, Ruths pitching went from great to extraordinary. In 1918, Ruth pitched his 29th scoreless inning in a World Series. That record stood for 43 years. Things changed in 1919 because Ruth demanded to spend more time hitting and thus less time pitching. That season, Ruth set a new record by hitting 29 home runs. The House That Ruth Built Many were surprised when it was announced in 1920 that Ruth had been traded to the New York Yankees for a whopping $125,000 (more than twice the amount ever paid for a player). Ruth was an extremely popular baseball player, and he seemed to succeed at everything on the field. In 1920, he broke his own home run record and hit an amazing 54 home runs in one season. The following season, he eclipsed his own mark with 59 home runs. Fans flocked to see the amazing Ruth in action. Ruth drew in so many fans that when the new Yankee Stadium was built in 1923, many called it The House That Ruth Built. In 1927, Ruth was part of the team that many consider the best baseball team in history. It was during that year that he hit 60 home runs in a season - a mark that stood for 34 years. Living the Wild Life There are nearly as many stories of Ruth off the field as there are on it. Some people described Ruth as a boy that never really grew up; while others just considered him vulgar. Ruth loved practical jokes. He frequently stayed out late, completely ignoring team curfews. He loved to drink, ate copious amounts of food, and slept with a large number of women. He often used profanities and loved to drive his car fast. More than a couple of times, Ruth crashed his car. His wild life put him at odds with many of his teammates and definitely with the teams manager. It also greatly affected his relationship with his wife Helen. Since they were Catholic, neither Ruth nor Helen believed in divorce. However, by 1925 Ruth and Helen were permanently separated, with their adopted daughter living with Helen. When Helen died in a house fire in 1929, Ruth married model Claire Merritt Hodgson, who tried to help Ruth curb some of his worst habits. Popular Stories One of the most famous stories about Ruth involves a home run and a boy in the hospital. In 1926, Ruth heard about an 11-year-old boy named Johnny Sylvester who was in the hospital after an accident. The doctors werent sure if Johnny was going to live. Ruth promised to hit a home run for Johnny. In the next game, Ruth not only hit one home run, he hit three. Johnny, upon hearing the news of Ruths home runs, started to feel better. Ruth later went to the hospital and visited Johnny in person. Another famous story about Ruth is one of the most famous stories of baseball history. During the third game of the 1932 World Series, the Yankees were in a heated competition with the Chicago Cubs. When Ruth stepped up to the plate, Cubs players heckled him and some fans even threw fruit at him. After two balls and two strikes, the incensed Ruth pointed out to center field. With the next pitch, Ruth struck the ball exactly where he had predicted in what has been termed the called shot. The story became immensely popular; however, its not exactly clear whether Ruth meant to call his shot or was just pointing at the pitcher. The 1930s The 1930s showed an aging Ruth. He was already 35 years old and although he was still playing well, younger players were playing better. What Ruth wanted to do was manage. Unfortunately for him, his wild life had caused even the most adventurous team owner to consider Ruth unsuitable to manage an entire team. In 1935, Ruth decided to switch teams and play for the Boston Braves with the hope of having a chance to be assistant manager. When that didnt work out, Ruth decided to retire. On May 25, 1935, Ruth hit his 714th career home run. Five days later, he played his last game of major league baseball. (Ruths home run record stood until broken by Hank Aaron in 1974.) Retirement and Death Ruth didnt stay idle in retirement. He traveled, played a lot of golf, went bowling, hunted, visited sick children in hospitals, and played in numerous exhibition games. In 1936, Ruth was chosen to be one of the first five inductees to the newly created Baseball Hall of Fame. In November 1946, Ruth entered a hospital after suffering a monstrous pain above his left eye for a few months. The doctors told him he had cancer. He underwent surgery but not all of it was removed. The cancer soon grew back. Ruth died on August 16, 1948, at age 53. Sources Thorn, John, and John Thorn. â€Å"Babe Ruths Autobiography, as Written in 1920.†Ã‚  Our Game, 6 Apr. 2015.â€Å"Babe Ruth.†Ã‚  Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 16 Jan. 2019.â€Å"Biography.†Ã‚  Biography | Babe Ruth.

The 7 Books Every Pre-Med Student Should Read

The 7 Books Every Pre-Med Student Should Read SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One of the best ways to learn about your future career is to read about it. That’s true for becoming a doctor, too! As a pre-med student, books about medicine can help you prepare for medical school, but they can also introduce you to what it really means to care for your patients. That’s why we’ve compiled a list of the seven books every pre-med student must read before they go to medical school. This list includes everything from MCAT prep books to grislybut educational!books about the darker side of medical history. We’ve also included works that introduce you to some of the social and ethical complexities of medicine, too. Not only will these books widen your perspective on the field of medicine, they’ll also help you become a better doctor. Book #1: The Butchering Art: Joseph Lister's Quest to Transform the Grisly World of Victorian Medicine by Lindsey Fitzharris Winner of the 2018 PEN/E.O. Wilson Prize for Literary Science Writing, Fitzharris’ book takes readers into the dark world of Victorian medical science. Up until the mid-Victorian period, surgery was often tantamount to a death sentence. Doctors didn’t wash their hands or their instruments, the surgical operating theatre was open to spectators, and post-operative infection was considered a good thing! That all changed thanks to Joseph Lister, a British surgeon who pioneered the field of germ theory. Fitzharris gives readers a glimpse into the bloody history of medicine in Victorian England and traces Lister’s journey to change the field of surgical medicine. The Butchering Art is equal parts gruesome and fascinating, and we guarantee that you won’t be able to put it down. Actually, if you can’t get enough of the morbid history of medicine after reading Lindsey Fitzharris’ book, don’t worry! We also recommend Quackery: A Brief History of the Worst Ways to Cure Everything by Lydia Kangwhich explores the worst malpractices of medical historyand The Anatomy Murders by Lisa Rosner, which tells the story of medical body snatching and how it led to England’s first recorded serial killers. These books are guaranteed to help you understand the history of medicine better...and they might keep you up at night, too. Book #2:The Emperor of All Maladies by Siddhartha Mukherjee, MD, PhD When a book wins a Pulitzer Prize, you know it’s a good read. That’s definitely the case for The Emperor of All Maladies by Siddhartha Mukherjee, which provides a â€Å"biography† of cancer. Mukherjee traces the history of the disease all the way from its appearance thousands of years ago to today, and in doing so, helps readers better understand cancer as a disease. He also spends time looking at modern cancer treatment and talking about the future of cancer research, which will bring you up to speed on critical advancements in your future field. No matter what type of medicine you want to practice, cancer is the specter that haunts them all. Having a better understanding of the history and future of the disease will not only better prepare you to face it in your own medical career, but it will help you understand how to best support your patients who face such a scary diagnosis. Mukherjee’s sharp writing style makes this book a page turner that you don’t want to miss! (And once you’re done, you can watch the documentary, which was directed by none other than Ken Burns.) Book #3:Med School Uncensored by Richard Beddingfield, MD Now that we’ve given you two fascinating books about the history (and future!) of medicine, it’s time to turn to more traditional pre-med fare. That’s why we’ve chosen Med School Uncensored by Dr. Richard Beddingfield, which is an entertaining, pull-no-punches insider look at medical school. Advertised as a â€Å"good, bad, and ugly† guide to medical school, Beddingfield shares advice with readers that he wishes he knew before starting med school process himself. (He’s a cardiothoracic anesthesiologist, if you’re wondering.) Beddingfield’s book is a comprehensive guide to medical school, and he makes sure to incorporate perspectives from other doctors to give readers a comprehensive and reliable look at what it’s like to become a doctor. His goal is to demystify the process and help people better understand what they’re getting into when they decide to become a doctor. Even more importantly, Beddingfield gives you practical guidance to help you navigate every step of your med school journey. Med School Uncensored is definitely required reading for every pre-med student! If you’re looking for even more insider knowledge about the medical school experience after you finish Med School Uncensored, you can also check out Med School Confidential by Robert H. Miller and Daniel M. Bissell, MD. It also gives you a peek behind the proverbial curtain. Even though it was published more than ten years ago, Med School Confidential offers great time-tested advice about the med school process and covers everything from applying to medical schools to finding the perfect job after earning your white coat. Book #4: MCAT Complete 7-Book Subject Review 2019-2020 by Kaplan Test Prep Ah, yes...the dreaded MCAT exam. The MCAT is the test all aspiring doctors have to take before they can apply to medical school. It’s designed to be a rigorous test of your medical knowledge, and your score on the MCAT can determine whether you get into your dream school...or not. Basically, the MCAT is the medical school version of the SAT and ACT, and it’s just as important. Here’s the deal: the MCAT exam can make or break an aspiring doctor. That’s why we’ve chosen the beefiest MCAT prep book series out there to get you on the right track. We can’t emphasize it enough: studying for the MCAT early and often is critical to your success. This study set gives you many of the tools you need to get ready for the MCAT, including hundreds of practice questions, illustrations to help you visualize key concepts, and practice tests to help you get to know the test format long before exam day. And since this series is published by Kaplan, you can rest assured that you’re getting the most up-to-date exam advice, too! Book #5: Being Mortal by Atul Gawande If you haven’t heard of Atul Gawande, you’re missing out: he’s a surgeon at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, teaches at Harvard Medical School, and is a New York Times best-selling author. Basically, he’s a rockstar. All of his books about medicineincluding The Checklist Manifesto and Complicationsare worth reading, but for our money, Being Mortal is the book that no pre-med student should miss. And the critics agree: not only was Being Mortal voted one of the best books of 2017 by...well, basically everyone, it also spent a staggering 85 weeks on the New York Times bestseller list. So like we said, it’s definitely a book that’s worth your time. Being Mortal deals with one of the hardest aspects of medicine: end-of-life care. It can be hard for doctors, whose job it is to fight off death every day, to realize when it’s best to stop treating the illness and start giving palliative care. Gawande explores how the American medical system deals with aging and the inevitable illness that comes with it, and he argues that medical treatment should focus on how patients want to live rather than just extending life, especially in terminal circumstances. As a pre-med student, you’re going to school to become a doctor and save lives. But Gawande’s book shows young, aspiring doctors that their job is about more than preserving lifeit’s about giving quality of life, too. Being Mortal will transform the way you think about dying, and it will definitely change the way you practice medicine. Book #6: Ask Me About My Uterus by Abby Norman Abby Norman had her whole life ahead of her: as a bright young student, she had just started attending Sarah Lawrence College. But everything ground to a halt when she woke up one day in excruciating abdominal pain. Ask Me About My Uterus is Abby’s memoir about her eight-year journey from the onset of her illness to getting a firm diagnosis. This book gives readers a patient’s perspective on the medical system, especially when it comes to treating women. Norman explains that doctors rarely take women’s pain seriously: in fact, when women report being in pain, they are more likely to be prescribed sedatives than pain killers than men who complain of similar symptoms. As she walks through her experience, she also researches the history of medicine and exposes how often it’s biased against women. As a future doctor, it’s important for you to understand how medicine, even as it works to help and heal, isn’t immune from prejudice. The only way to combat this is for up-and-coming doctors (like you!) to understand how the current medical system falls short. And that’s why we picked Norman’s book for our list. Not only will Ask Me About My Uterus help you better understand what it’s like to be a patient with a chronic, undiagnosed illness, it will also open your eyes to the gender biases of the medical field. Book #7: Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance by Angela Duckworth Okay, okay. This book isn’t technically about medicine. Instead, Grit is a book about how passion and perseverance, rather than raw talent or achievement, is the key to long-term success. More importantly, Grit teaches readers how to push through challenges and setbacks to reach your goals. So why have we decided to give Duckworth’s book a place on our list? It’s simple: medical school is hard. (And that’s an understatement!) There’s no coasting through classes, and most students will find themselves struggling at some point. This can be really hard for medical students, are often ambitious and high achieving. And that’s a good thing! But you also need to learn how to push through adversity and hardship if you’re going to make it in medical school. In her book, Duckworth shows readers how to cultivate perseverancewhat she calls â€Å"grit†which is what allows people to handle adversity and learn from their mistakes. She also gives helpful tips for developing tenacity, and how to use failure as a springboard toward your goals. By developing a little more grit, you’ll be better prepared to tackle any obstacle med school throws your way! What’s Next? Now that you’ve got these books under your belt, take some time learning more about what it means to be â€Å"pre-med,† and what that means for getting into medical school. If you’re still in high school, there’s plenty you can do to get yourself ready for the road ahead. Here’s an article that breaks down the most important things you can do to prepare yourself for medical school before you ever start college! Did you know that where you get your undergraduate degree can affect your chances at getting into the medical school of your dreams? If you’re applying to college, it’s important to consider which schools offer the best pre-med programs. These recommendations are based solely on our knowledge and experience. If you purchase an item through one of our links, PrepScholar may receive a commission.