The Psychosocial Burden Of Food Allergies On Humans

Josh Greenspan Idiots Guide Currently, I am studying the psychosocial burden of food allergies on humans. This burden can cause severe stress and anxiety. Before I started that topic, I needed to learn about the main problem food allergies. Essentially, An allergy is an overemphasized reaction by the immune system in response to exposure to certain foreign substances. It is exaggerated because these exotic substances are usually seen by the body as harmless and no response occurs in nonallergic people. In allergic individuals, the body recognizes the foreign substance and the immune system generates a response. The importance and benefits of psychosocial allergy research and just purely allergy research is shown in several ways. Some of†¦show more content†¦Then, the IgE molecules are differentiated into extremely specific sub-categories. Then, the IgE’s will attach to the allergen and create an antigen-antibody complex. Then, the complex will bind to a mast cell, which provokes the mast cell to release certain chemicals such as histamine and serotonin. This causes allergic symptoms, but I will get into that section later in the paper. An allergic response might lead to anaphylactic shock, a life threatening reaction that will happen in seconds after the initial intake of the allergen. Diagram 1 (freshlife.com) What happens during anaphylaxis? Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction. It will most likely occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to the allergen. Anaphylaxis needs an immediate trip to the ER and an injection of epinephrine. If anaphylaxis is not treated immediately, the victim will most likely die. Anaphylaxis is fatal and causes around 100-150 deaths a year. Fatalities can easily be prevented if anaphylaxis is treated at first sight. Currently, around the world, 0.5–2% of people have been estimated to have experienced anaphylaxis at some point in life, and rates seem to be ascending.Cardiovascularly, heart spasms might happen with quickly onset arrhythmia or cardiac arrest(heart attack).People with clinical heart defects are prone to cardiovascular problems with anaphylaxis. The heart spasms

Theories of the Origin and Evolution of Human Language

The expression language origins refers to theories pertaining to the emergence and development of language in human societies. Over the centuries, many theories have been put forward—and almost all of them have been challenged, discounted, and ridiculed. (See Where Does Language Come From?) In 1866, the Linguistic Society of Paris banned any discussion of the topic: The Society will accept no communication concerning either the origin of language or the creation of a universal language. Contemporary linguist Robbins Burling says that anyone who has read widely in the literature on language origins cannot escape a sneaking sympathy with the Paris linguists. Reams of nonsense have been written about the subject (The Talking Ape, 2005). In recent decades, however, scholars from such diverse fields as genetics, anthropology, and cognitive science have been engaged, as Christine Kenneally says, in a cross-discipline, multidimensional treasure hunt to find out how language began. It is, she says, the hardest problem in science today (The First Word, 2007). Observations on the Origins of Language Divine origin [is the] conjecture that human language originated as a gift from God. No scholar takes this idea seriously today. (R.L. Trask, A Students Dictionary of Language and Linguistics, 1997; rpt. Routledge, 2014) Numerous and varied explanations have been put forth to explain how humans acquired language—many of which date back to the time of the Paris ban. Some of the more fanciful explanations have been given nicknames, mainly to the effect of dismissal by ridicule. The scenario by which language evolved in humans to assist the coordination of working together (as on the pre-historic equivalent of a loading dock) has been nicknamed the yo-heave-ho model. Theres the bow-wow model in which language originated as imitations of animal cries. In the poo-poo model, language started from emotional interjections. During the twentieth century, and particularly its last few decades, discussion of language origins has become respectable and even fashionable. One major problem remains, however; most models about language origins do not readily lend themselves to the formation of testable hypotheses, or rigorous testing of any sort. What data will allow us to conclude that one model or another best explains how language arose? (Norman A. Johnson, Darwinian Detectives: Revealing the Natural History of Genes and Genomes. Oxford University Press, 2007) Physical Adaptations - Instead of looking at types of sounds as the source of human speech, we can look at the types of physical features humans possess, especially those that are distinct from other creatures, which may have been able to support speech production. . . . Human teeth are upright, not slanting outwards like those of apes, and they are roughly even in height. Such characteristics are . . . very helpful in making sounds such as f or v. Human lips have much more intricate muscle lacing than is found in other primates and their resulting flexibility certainly helps in making sounds like p, b, and m. In fact, the b and m sounds are the most widely attested in the vocalizations made by human infants during their first year, no matter which language their parents are using. (George Yule, The Study of Language, 5th ed. Cambridge University Press, 2014) -   In the evolution of the human vocal tract since the split with other apes, the adult larynx descended to its lower position. Phonetician Philip Lieberman has persuasively argued that the ultimate cause of the human lowered larynx is its function in producing different vowels. This is a case of natural selection for more effective communication. . . . Babies are born with their larynxes in a high position, like monkeys. This is functional, as there is a reduced risk of choking, and babies are not yet talking. . . . By about the end of the first year, the human larynx descends to its near-adult lowered position. This is a case of ontogeny recapitulating phylogeny, the growth of the individual reflecting the evolution of the species. (James R. Hurford, The Origins of Language. Oxford University Press, 2014) From Words to Syntax Language-ready modern children learn vocabulary voraciously before they begin to make grammatical utterances several words long. So we presume that in the origins of language a one-word stage preceded our remote ancestors first steps into grammar. The term protolanguage has been widely used to describe this one-word stage, where there is vocabulary but no grammar. (James R. Hurford, The Origins of Language. Oxford University Press, 2014) The Gesture Theory of Language Origin - Speculation about how languages originate and evolve has had an important place in the history of ideas, and it has been intimately linked to questions about the nature of the signed languages of the deaf and human gestural behavior in general. It can be argued, from a phylogenetic perspective, the origin of human sign languages is coincident with the origin of human languages; sign languages, that is, are likely to have been the first true languages. This is not a new perspective--it is perhaps as old as nonreligious speculation about the way human language may have begun. (David F. Armstrong and Sherman E. Wilcox, The Gestural Origin of Language. Oxford University Press, 2007) - [A]n analysis of the physical structure of visible gesture provides insights into the origins of syntax, perhaps the most difficult question facing students of the origin and evolution of language . . .. It is the origin of syntax that transforms naming into language, by enabling human beings to comment on and think about the relationships between things and events, that is, by enabling them to articulate complex thoughts and, most important, share them with others. . . . We are not the first to suggest a gestural origin of language. [Gordon] Hewes (1973; 1974; 1976) was one of the first modern proponents of a gestural origins theory. [Adam] Kendon (1991: 215) also suggests that the first kind of behaviour that could be said to be functioning in anything like a linguistic fashion would have had to have been gestural. For Kendon, as for most others who consider gestural origins of language, gestures are placed in opposition to speech and vocalization. . . . While we would agree with Kendons strategy of examining the relationships among spoken and signed languages, pantomime, graphic depiction, and other modes of human representation, we are not convinced that placing gesture in opposition to speech leads to a productive framework for understanding the emergence of cognition and language. For us, the answer to the question, If language began as gesture, why did it not stay that way? is that it did. . . . All language, in the words of Ulrich Neisser (1976), is articulatory gesturing. We are not proposing that language began as gesture and became vocal. Language has been and always will be gestural (at least until we evolve a reliable and universal capacity for mental telepathy). (David F. Armstrong, William C. Stokoe, and Sherman E. Wilcox, Gesture and the Nature of Language. Cambridge University Press, 1995) - If, with [Dwight] Whitney, we think of language as a complex of instrumentalities which serve in the expression of thought (as he would say--one might not wish to put it quite like this today), then gesture is part of language. For those of us with an interest in language conceived of in this way, our task must include working out all the intricate ways in which gesture is used in relation to speech and of showing the circumstances in which the organization of each is differentiated from the other as well as the ways in which they overlap. This can only enrich our understanding of how these instrumentalities function. If, on the other hand, we define language in structural terms, thus excluding from consideration most, if not all, of the kinds of gestural usages I have illustrated today, we may be in danger of missing important features of how language, so defined, actually succeeds as an instrument of communication. Such a structural definition is valuable as a matter of convenien ce, as a way of delimiting a field of concern. On the other hand, from the point of view of a comprehensive theory of how humans do all the things they do by means of utterances, it cannot be sufficient. (Adam Kendon, Language and Gesture: Unity or Duality? Language and Gesture, ed. by David McNeill. Cambridge University Press, 2000) Language as a Device for Bonding [T]he size of human social groups gives rise to a serious problem: grooming is the mechanism that is used to bond social groups among primates, but human groups are so large that it would be impossible to invest enough time in grooming to bond groups of this size effectively. The alternative suggestion, then, is that language evolved as a device for bonding large social groups--in other words, as a form of grooming-at-a-distance. The kind of information that language was designed to carry was not about the physical world, but rather about the social world. Note that the issue here is not the evolution of grammar as such, but the evolution of language. Grammar would have been equally useful whether language evolved to subserve a social or a technological function. (Robin I.A. Dunbar, The Origin and Subsequent Evolution of Language. Language Evolution, ed. by Morten H. Christiansen and Simon Kirby. Oxford University Press, 2003) Otto Jespersen on Language as Play (1922) - [P]rimitive speakers were not reticent and reserved beings, but youthful men and women babbling merrily on, without being so particular about the meaning of each word. . . . They chattered away for the mere pleasure of chattering . . ..   [P]rimitive speech . . . resembles the speech of little baby himself, before he begins to frame his own language after the pattern of the grownups; the language of our remote forefathers was like that ceaseless humming and crooning with which no thoughts are as yet connected, which merely amuses and delights the little one. Language originated as play, and the organs of speech were first trained in this singing sport of idle hours. (Otto Jespersen,Language: Its Nature, Development and Origin, 1922) - It is quite interesting to note that these modern views [on the commonality of language and music and of language and dance] were anticipated in great detail by Jespersen (1922: 392-442). In his speculations about the origin of language, he arrived at the view that referential language must have been preceded by singing, which in its turn was functional in fulfilling the need for sex (or love), on the one hand, and the need for coordinating collective work, on the other. These speculations have, in turn, their origins in [Charles] Darwins 1871 book The Descent of Man: we may conclude from a widely-spread analogy that this power would have been especially exerted during the courtship of the sexes, serving to express various emotions. . . . The imitation by articulate sounds of musical cries might have given rise to words expressive of various complex emotions. (quoted from Howard 1982: 70) The modern scholars mentioned above agree in rejecting the well-known scenario according to which language originated as a system of monosyllabic grunt-like sounds that had the (referential) function of pointing at things. Instead, they propose a scenario according to which referential meaning was slowly grafted upon nearly autonomous melodious sound. (Esa Itkonen, Analogy as Structure and Process: Approaches in Linguistics, Cognitive Psychology and Philosophy of Science. John Benjamins, 2005) Divided Views on the Origins of Language (2016) Today, opinion on the matter of language origins is still deeply divided. On the one hand, there are those who feel that language is so complex, and so deeply ingrained in the human condition, that it must have evolved slowly over immense periods of time. Indeed, some believe that its roots go all the way back to  Homo habilis, a tiny-brained hominid that lived in Africa not far short of two million years ago. On the other, there are those like [Robert] Berwick and [Noam] Chomsky who believe that humans acquired language quite recently, in an abrupt event. Nobody is in the middle on this one, except to the extent that different extinct hominid species are seen as the inaugurators of language’s slow evolutionary trajectory. That this deep dichotomy of viewpoint has been able to persist (not only among linguists, but among paleoanthropologists, archaeologists, cognitive scientists, and others) for as long as anyone can remember is due to one simple fact: at least until the very recent advent of writing systems, language has left no trace in any durable record. Whether any early humans possessed language, or didn’t, has had to be inferred from indirect proxy indicators. And views have diverged greatly on the matter of what is an acceptable proxy. (Ian Tattersall, At the Birth of Language.   The New York Review of Books, August 18, 2016) Also  See Where Does Language Come From?: Five Theories on the Origins of Language Cognitive Linguistics  and  Neurolinguistics

Essay on Hector as the Ideal Homeric Man of Homers Iliad

Hector as the Ideal Homeric Man of Homers Iliad Homers Iliad enthralls readers with its’ valiant heroes who fight for the glory of Greece. The Iliad, however, is not just a story of war; it is also a story of individuals. Through the characters words and actions, Homer paints portraits of petulant Achilles and vain Agamemnon, doomed Paris and Helen, loyal Patroclus, tragic Priam, versatile Odysseus, and the whole cast of Gods. Ironically, the most complete character in the epic is Hector, enemy hero, and Prince of Troy. Hector is in many ways the ideal Homeric man: he is a man of compassion and piety, a man of integrity and bravery, a man who loves his family, and above all, a man who understands and fulfills his social†¦show more content†¦Had Agamemnon demonstrated the same sort of compassion towards the supplicant Chryses, the Greeks would have been spared the wrath of Apollo. Hectors compassion and his respect for the gods, engenders the trust and respect of his people, and makes him an ideal leader. Hector continues on to the palace, where he is embraced by his mother Hecuba, who offers him wine with which to refresh himself and to honor the Gods. Hector politely answers, Mother, not now-Id lose my nerve for war. And Id be ashamed to pour a glistening cup to Zeus with unwashed hands. Im splattered with blood and filth-how could I pray to the lord of storm and lightning? (VI, 179-183). He then recommends that his mother go with offerings to Athenas shrine to make sacrifices for the success of the Trojans. Hectors respectful address to his mother, his humility before the Gods and his understanding of the appropriate forms of supplication, stand in sharp contrast to Achilles earlier whining and self-serving demands made to Thetis. Once again, in the matter of piety as well as compassion, Hector is the superior man. Nowhere in the Iliad is Hectors superiority more obvious than when he is contrasted with his brother Paris, the man who bears the sole responsibility for the chaos and terror that engulfs Troy. Hector finds Paris polishing (and) fondling his splendid battle-gear, his shield and breastplate, turning over and over his long curved bow (VI, 243-245).Show MoreRelatedThe New Hero of Aeneas Essay2008 Words   |  9 Pagescontinue. The objective of this essay is to clean the bifocals of those whom I presumed after reading the Aeneid as a botched-up replica of the Iliad and the Odyssey conclude that it is indeed so and go about perpetuating such calumny. Hence, to answer the obvious, if we strip Vergilius of his diction and metre, we leave him a new type of hero. Well, actually he leaves us a new type of hero, a hero that is foreign to the golden age of Homer. He presents a new ideal of heroism and shows us in whatRead More The Paradox of Heroism in Homer’s Iliad1951 Words   |  8 PagesThe Paradox of Heroism in Homer’s Iliad The Iliad presents a full range of valorous warriors: the Achaians Diomedes, Odysseus, and the Aiantes; the Trojans Sarpedon, Aeneas, and Glaukos. These and many others are Homer’s models of virtue in arms. Excelling all of them, however, are the epic’s two central characters, Achilleus, the son of Peleus and, Hector, the son of Priam. In these two, one finds the physical strength, intense determination, and strenuous drive that give them first place

The Significance Of Feminism In The Handmaids Tale

I agree to a large extent that a writer’s task is to make insignificant things significant. It allows authors to shed light on important, but maybe overlooked, issues plaguing society and make the reader appreciate what we originally took for granted. This is evident through Margaret Atwood’s novel The Handmaid’s Tale, a work of speculative fiction that depicts a dystopian future world called Gilead. In this novel, Atwood does a great job of highlighting the significance of feminism or specifically the lack thereof and warns the reader of the consequences that comes along with not recognising the effects on women in a patriarchal society. During the 1980’s, when The Handmaid’s Tale was written, women in North America had the right to†¦show more content†¦By warning what the world may come to if we continue to ignore what feminists have done and are still doing, FINISH Additionally, at the time Atwood was writing the novel, the president of the United States was a republican named Ronald Reagan. His party were known for their conservative and religious beliefs overruling their actions and one aspect they were in favour of was taking away the legality of abortions within America. Once again, men were dictating the rights women have over their bodies, and there is no shortage of this discrimination in the novel. The Republic of Gilead was a strict, totalitarian regime that based its laws and customs around the Christian Bible. Roles were assigned where men had access to education and have influential positions whereas women were regarded as second-class citizens who should be subject to men. However, the creators of Gilead justified their regulations by claiming women were more protected in their society. During her time in the Red Centre, Offred and the rest of the Handmaids were shown sadistic, pornographic films to demonstrate how women were humil iated and abused in the old system and persuade them that they were better off under Gilead. Aunt Lydia further emphasised how women of Gilead should be grateful for such insurance by stating that rather than having ‘freedom to’ participate in the government, be educated, hold property or have aShow MoreRelatedFeminism in The Handmaids Tale626 Words   |  3 PagesChoice Novel Paper: Feminism in The Handmaid’s Tale In today’s news we see many disruptions and inconsistencies in society, and, according to Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, humankind might be headed in that direction. The deterioration of society is a concept often explored biologically in novels, but less common, is the effect on everyday social constructs such as the position of women as a item that can be distributed and traded-in for a ‘better’ product. The Handmaid’s Tale elaborates theRead MoreHandmaids1019 Words   |  5 Pagesgood text revolves not only around its content, but also its language and construction. This notion articulates profoundly within Margaret Atwood’s novel A Handmaid’s Tale as it is, after all, the author’s manipulation of the language and construction which enacts as vehicles towards the reader’s understanding of the content. A Handmaid’s Tale is a confrontational post-modern work of feminist dystopian fiction; it depicts a protagonist’s struggle to adapt to a totalitarian and theocratic state whereRead MoreEssay on Feminism in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale1096 Words   |  5 PagesFeminism in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale In The Handmaids Tale, Margaret Atwood explores the role that women play in society and the consequences of a countryà ­s value system. She reveals that values held in the United States are a threat to the livelihood and status of women. As one critic writes, â€Å"the author has concluded that present social trends are dangerous to individual welfare† (Prescott 151).   The novel is set in the near future in Gilead, formerly the U.S., at a time whenRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale Literacy Essay1841 Words   |  8 PagesENG4U: The Handmaid’s Tale Literacy Essay Shoshannah Lewis Margret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale takes place in the closely monitored, male dominant area of Gilead where women are deprived of their sexual and human rights, forbidding them to live independently. For many years prior to Gilead’s existence, women were seen as inferior to men and neglected of basic human rights such as voting, career opportunities, and equal salaries. The Republic of Gilead was later introduced following the transitionRead MoreThe Importance of Names in Frankenstein and the Handmaids Tale1619 Words   |  7 Pagesus; to think about it with care and affection. Names surrounding the author have a great influence also and the main character in Frankenstein shares the penname of Percy Bysshe Shelley, Mary Shelley’s husband. In The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood uses the influence of feminism to create the names of the majority of the female characters. This relates to the way women are portrayed in Frankenstein and how their name s represent their personalities. The names of the male characters in both novelsRead MoreFeminism In The Handmaids Tale1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood is set in a future time period where the United States is under the control of the Gileadean regime. A terrorist attack leads to the collapse of Congress, the suspension of the Constitution, and the establishment of a theocratic totalitarian government. Men and women are given roles within society; they are Commanders, Eyes, Handmaids, and Marthas. In this novel, Atwood explores a prominent social issue, feminism. The suppression and power of women are examinedRead MoreComparison between The handmaids Tale and 1894 (language as controlling force, language styles, structure and contexts3493 Words   |  14 Pages Both the novels 1984 and The Handmaids Tale provide warnings of how each author sees certain problems in society leading to dystopian states. Dystopian genres exist in both novels, but arise for different reasons. Resu lting from Atwoods concerns about political groups and aspects of feminism; The Handmaids Tale illustrates how declining birth rates could lead to a state where women are forced into bearing children. In contrast, 1984 depicts a terror state where poverty is rife and tyrannicalRead MoreMargaret Atwood s Happy Endings1447 Words   |  6 Pageseventually influencing her to write her poem collection True Stories (Mannani). Even before her involvement with the organization, she had also published works that were concerned with feminism, such as Power Politics, You Are Happy, and Two-Headed Poem (Mannani). Specifically before the making of the novel The Handmaid’s Tale, she recalls that she was inspired by the Bible after noticing that people believed â€Å"‘A woman’s place is in the house.’†¦She [was] convinced that such enforcement would not come throughRead MorePride And Prejudice Feminism Essay1315 Words   |  6 PagesIn multiple novels written man y years ago, such as A Doll’s House, Jane Eyre, and A Handmaid’s Tale, feminism is a recurring issue that is expressed throughout the plot. At that point in time, women were looked upon as being significantly less than men. In Europe, women were seen as housekeepers and overseers of the family. In religion, women were encouraged to learn to read and write, so they were able to raise the children in a religious household. During the time that Jane Austen wrote PrideRead MoreGender And Gender Roles : The Black Boys2966 Words   |  12 Pagesfreedom, in their personal lives’ . Plath and McEwan depict women as inferior yet not muted to patriarchy. Kesey on the other hand, places women at the head of social hierarchy. Feminist, Toril Moi asserts that the text-based methodology of French feminism successfully decomposes patriarchal structures of gender, therefore challenges the culture on its own terms. This can be intrinsically linked with the portrayal of Ratched and her position in the ward. Considering Marxist, Althusser’s notion on

Kant and Singer The Moral Status of Animals Free Essays

Emmanuel Kant and Peter Singer expressed essentially opposing views on the moral status of animals.   Because animals are non-rational creatures, Kant did not believe that they had any moral status.   However, he did feel that human beings had a moral obligation to avoid cruelty to animals because being cruel was in opposition to the duty that mankind had to strengthen compassion in itself (MacKinnon, date, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Kant and Singer: The Moral Status of Animals or any similar topic only for you Order Now ).   The duty to prevent cruelty to animals, then, is one that humanity owes to itself, not to the animal kingdom. Peter Singer, however, believes that animals themselves are moral agents.   Unlike Kant, Singer believes that â€Å"animal interests are the basis for their having rights and rights that are equal to humans† (MacKinnon, date, pp. 363-364).   MacKinnon goes on to explain that Singer bases his position on the theoretical foundation that animals’ experiences of pleasure fulfill one or more of their interests.   Since animals appear to have interests similar to those of human beings, Singer believes that their interest should have equal weight to those of humans (p. 364). Singer appears to write in opposition to the statement that treatment of two groups can differ and still be morally equivalent.   His position indicates that by not recognizing animals’ equal right to those of human beings, that humans are guilty of â€Å"speciesism,† a type of racism.   For this reason, animals have a right to freedom from suffering.   However, Singer also believes that it does not matter if an animal is not extended a right to vote, because an animal has no interest in voting (MacKinnon, date, pp. 363-364). It would make sense to extend some rights, like that to be free from suffering, to animals.   Other sensible rights that could be extended would be the right to sufficient food, water, and shelter.   Other rights, such as the right to choose, the right to sexual freedom, and the right to medical care are arguable at best.   It is never possible to know an animal’s motivation for making a choice and sexual activity in animals is intended solely for survival of the species and not for pleasure.   Extending these rights might change the way society treats animals; however, these acts are already expected from those individuals who harbor animals. Although I would change the way that society treats animals, I do not feel that extending them rights is the answer.   Instead, I feel that it is necessary to increase the penalties connected with animal cruelty violations, making certain degrees of cruelty felonies, rather than mere misdemeanors.   Increasing or creating animal rights would only be possible by infringing on certain human rights.   Unlike animals, we would be aware of this infringement and would be harmed by the change in our status. Reference MacKinnon, B. (date). Ethics How to cite Kant and Singer: The Moral Status of Animals, Essay examples

Movie Summary The Lost Battalion Essay Example For Students

Movie Summary The Lost Battalion Essay The movie The Lost Battalion is a movie about a battalion in 1918 that was sent out to battle during World War 1. Major Charles White Wittlesey is assigned by General Robert Alexander to lead his troops to the Argonne Forest with five hundred men where they face severally bloody battle with the Germans forces. However, the forces were supposed to be given support through the flanks retreat and communications with the head quarter of the 77th American Division are cut. Major Wittlesey and holds his position with his men, mostly, Irish, Polish, Italian and Jewish immigrants from New York which are surround and outnumber by the German army; with no food, water, ammunitions and medical supplies. In this movie the main characters all developed a friendship for example Private Bob Yoder and Private Lipasti connected with the fact that they both volunteered for the battalion which lead to Yoder inviting Lipasti to visit his home town. Experiences was a symbolism that was a reoccurring aspect throughout the movie. Experience was a problem for Major Wittlesey, in the beginning of the movie he realizes that he will need every man he can get so he could push through the German forces. Wittlesey gains a great number of inexperienced dough boys straight from the basic training who’ve never seen an actually battle before. Having men unaccustomed to a military battle became a burden because it slowed down the battalion causing more deaths then had could have been with experienced soldiers. For an example, in the movie Major Wittlesey had to help a soldier (Find name) during mid-battle reload his gun, which could have been cost Major Wittlesey his own life. This is an important scene because it shows the struggle the Americans had to overcome, forcing them to learn from their mistakes throughout the battalion and also fight their hardest with all the obstacles they must face. The war affected American severely due to the lack of medical supplies, they were blinded by gas bombs and torched with flamethrower, killed by the Germans and either killed or injured by their own channels. While trying to help their wounded they came across of not having any medical supplies so they couldn’t treat their wounded without reusing medical bandages. Which in some retrospect will leave them traumatized with what we call â€Å"shell shock and/or PTSD† by the things that they had seen in combat. The Lt. Teichmoeller who was in charge of firing the channel emotional broke down because he had gave permission to fire channel which landed on his troops. The ethnicity background in the lost battalion showed the integrations of different ethnic who are accustomed to hating each other finding their way of burying the hatchet in war. The American and German headquarters had no respect for on another but Major Henrich Prinz understand how bad the war was becoming offered medical the American food and medical aid if the Americans surrender. The American soldiers and the German soldiers did not hate each other they were following orders. The troop on the Western front realized that their troops had been through purgatory which is why they needed to find them so they could start to extract their soldiers from battle safety. Weaponry in this war we’re very complex, German’s had their type’s guns while American’s had theirs. During this war Americans were running out of bullets for their guns and therefore they took the dead of the Germans guns to fight against the Germans in the war. There were different types of guns in this war there were M1917 Revolvers that was used by Lt. Leak, Flat mainspring used by Major Wittlesey, Colt M1911 used by Captain Nelson Holderman and Captain George McMurtry, Luger P08 carried by German officer who shakes hands with an American. Rifles were used by the American, Mauser Gewehr 1898 were guns that German snipers, Germans also used Maxim MG08, Flammenwerfer M. 16 which are flamethrowers. .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 , .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 .postImageUrl , .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 , .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02:hover , .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02:visited , .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02:active { border:0!important; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02:active , .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02 .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u161cf2c8c93a206b0ee944e0141cbe02:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Technology in the Movie Gattaca EssayDuring the movie the Americans had no ammunition for their guns so they used the German guns. In my opinion this is far from a Hollywood movie: It clearly demonstrates the futility and horror of the attacks that the ordinary infantry soldier had to go through. It doesnt leave out the fact that the generals only had few respect for peoples lives and it also shows that many mistakes were made like bombing the own troops. It all happened in reality and it is all shown very well in this movie. I would recommend this as an historical film because its shows a clear view of the 1918 battalion in WW1. The battle scenes are very gone and realistic, in war of trenches and bayonet and the actors had a difficult task of trying to act fearful of their lives but yet hopeful of the accomplishing their lives. The Americans fought the Germans violently for five days without food, water, medical supplies and a very limited supply of ammunition. If it was not for the strength of those soldiers to overcome impossible conditions, the entire force may have been obliterated in five day siege. After the five day siege many soldiers earned awards.

Entrepreneurship Effective Small Business â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Entrepreneurship Effective Small Business? Answer: Introduction The idea which is invented to introduce a new business in the market is known as business plan. This is the official term and under this term various processes are included such as planning, forecasting, raising funds, opting advertisement and promotional techniques, etc. Apart from these components, business plan also includes the goals and the objectives set up by the management of the organization. Under this report, New Look Salons business plan will be discussed which will be introduced in the New York City of United States of America. Due to the prime location of this city, organization has planned to adopt various strategies through which all the tasks of new business could be could be executed in an appropriate manner. The major objective of the organization is to provide adequate salon services to the medium class people whose earnings are not enough to consume salon services. Hence, the prices of the services offered under New Look Salon will be set in relevance with the me dium level income group. Vision and Mission of the New Look Salon Every organization develops their goals and the objectives to survive in the dynamic business environment. The basic motive behind developing these goals is that, organization set targets for them to reach to the targets in a particular period of time and if those targets are achieved adequately within the set time period then it will be marked as successful organization. Apart from this, every organization set ups their business with an assumption of long run survival and this assumption is also included in the mission of the organization (Lee, Barker Mouasher, 2013). The same missions are being developed by the management of the New Look Salon. While their some objectives and goals differ from general organizations, rather operating for profits, New Look Salon has decided to provide experience of salon services to the people who generally do not opt for salon. Despite being this motive, organization needs to adopt an effective pricing strategy through which organization could be able to recover its cost of production as well as the other expenses of the salon because operating the functionalities in the New York City are very expensive (Compact, 2015). Apart from these missions, salons management has also invented various ways through which those missions could be easily achieved. While developing the visions in order to meet with the mission set up by the management of the New Look Salon, appropriate actions are being taken. Company sets vision in order to achieve the future objectives and it is set up from the perception of achieving adequate growth. It is a road map through which organization could reach to the desired destination set up by the management of the New Look Salon (Yoon, Lee Chang, 2017) Business and industry profile The major activity of a salon is hairdressing services, make-up, cosmetic services and massage and therapy services. These services can be consumed by ladies as well as by men. Under this industry, organization needs to provide adequate training to its staff members in order to deliver the adequate services to its consumers. As this industry serves the services in relevance with the human body and a small mistake could harm them. Hence, training measures and using quality materials are very crucial aspect of this industry. Appointment of the staff is also done on the basis of knowledge of the candidate in relevance with the salon services. Qualification does not impact much on these types of jobs but talent plays important role. For every part of the body, specialist is appointed and amongst them, hair stylist, skin specialist, etc. person are appointed in order to provide adequate types of services which are offered under a salon. New Look Salon will not be able to appoint separate person for all every unique service. But they can appoint an experienced candidate who should be capable enough to serve the consumers with adequate type of services (Martin, 2015). Business strategy Business strategy is the procedure through which organization could be able to achieve its desired goals and the objectives. In relation with the scenario of New Look Salon, the major objective is to provide salon services to the medium class income people and apart from them, anyone can avail the services, there will be no restriction (Scholes, 2015). Under this method, appropriate and effective strategies will be adopted in order to implement those in the workplace of New Look Salon in order to achieve the adequate amount of goals for the organization. Apart from this, business strategy of the New Look Salon will be efficient enough because they have planned to operate their functionalities in the most expensive city of the world. Hence, in order to achieve the desired goals for the organization, strategies opted by the management needs to be efficient as well as effective enough to reach to the desired destination (Chang, 2016). Products and Services Under New Look Salons premises, unique types of services as well as beauty products are available. In order to attain the goals for the organization, New Look Salon has adopted the adequate quality standards through which customers can satisfy their requirements in relevance with the salon. Apart from salon products that will be used for grooming the customers, they are selling the beauty products through which consumers can treat them at their homes only. Beauty products such as face creams, body lotion, hair serum, etc. are provided to the consumers. New Look Salons some services are skin treatment, bridal and grooms packages, hair treatment, massage services, spa, etc. are provided and at the cheapest price in order to attain the customers attention. This will also help them to grow in their industry as well as the chances for the expansion of the business arises (Hoskisson, 2009). Through these products and the services provided by the salon to their consumers, a trust level against the organization is built in the consumers. Along with the trust level, it also helps the organization to attain the competitive advantage in the dynamic business environment (Glowik Smyczek, 2011). Marketing Strategy The major marketing will be done through the electronic medium of the promotion and the advertisement because these are the trending methods as well as it also helps the organization to cover more market area in relevance with other platforms of the promotion. Apart from the electronic medium of promotion, organization will also adopt the paper medium for promoting their business in the domestic market. As the products and the services will mainly be consumed by the local public and especially by the medium class income group and this is because they will promote their salon with this tag line only. In promotional campaign of the New Look salon, price list will also be displayed in order to more number of consumers. Despite being in the New York City which is known for being expensive, they are providing salon services at reasonable rates and this will be the key aspect through which they can attain more number of consumers (Gruca Rego, 2009). Apart from this, they have also included the discount and offer strategy in their marketing strategy in order to promote their salon in the market. On taking the membership for one year, organization will provide an additional discount of 10% and all the services consumed by the customer in that one year will also be charged at 5% discount. This offer will be for a certain period of time and this is specially added in the marketing strategy of the salon to attract more number of people and to gain competitive advantage in the competitive business environment in New York City (Farahmand, 2011). Location and Layout Location of the New Look salon is quite attractive as well as it has the capability to gain more number of consumers. New York is the place where large number of public prefers to adopt salon services irrelevance to their income, age, etc. But normal and medium income group of people prefers to opt for reasonable salon while high standard people prefer to consume the services of high class salons. In relation with the New Look Salon, their location and the layout of the salon are quite attractive as well as reliable. It will be capable enough to gain number of consumers as well as to beat its competitors strategies. New Look Salon will operate its functionalities from the Rockefeller Centre which is known as the iconic midtown business complex of New York City. This location is amongst the most attractive and famous places of the New York while it will also be easily reachable for most of the public (Drummond, Ensor Ashford, 2012). These are some of the strategies which will be considered as the location and the layout services of the organization and these are crucial element of business plan especially for a new business idea. Apart from this, infrastructure of the salon will not be less than a high class salon and it will be known as the compatible and reasonable salon across the New York City (Cool Schendel, 2010). Competitor Analysis There are a number of salons available of various sizes in New York while none of them carry the similar idea as compared to the New Look Salon has invented. Major competitors of New Look salon will be New NYC Hair Salon, Sorayahs Salon Services, FourStar Salon Services, etc. All of these are ranked under the three to five start rating of the salon services. New Look Salon is introducing their salon below these ratings but their services are not less than the services offered in these big standards salons (Scarborough, 2015). In order to gain the competitive advantage, organization will perform the competitor analysis in relation to gain the relevant information of the strategies implemented by them for attracting the consumers. After reviewing those strategies, organization will develop some unique strategies in order to beat its competitors as well as through which organization could attain the adequate outcomes (Renton, et. al., 2015). Description of the Management team New Look Salon is not a big or multinational level organization; it is introducing the salon services for the first time and with a small professional team in order to provide adequate salon services to the medium income group of people. This is the idea invented by them for gaining the more number of consumers as New Look Salons infrastructure, products, services and the professionals will be of optimum quality but in order to provide the experience of high class salon to the less income group people, New Look Salon has adopted this strategy. Management team of the organization is having three members including the one owner. It is a small management team and other two persons are investors as well as the member of management team who takes the decision on the behalf of the organization in order to develop its distinctive image in the competitive salon industry (Pardalos Tsitsiringos, 2013). Plan of Operations Under this step of the business plan, according to the organizational capabilities, goals and objectives will be developed in order to attain the growth in the particular industry. All the functionalities which will be operated in the New Look Salon business will be executed in an adequate manner so that the possibility of their failure decreases and the chances of success rise. Under the plan of operations, from the process of planning till the process of raising funds and the promotion of the business idea are analysed and ranked on their importance basis. After this process, execution of the several strategies and the plans takes places in order to develop the identity in the new market (Lam Harker, 2015). Financial Forecast The major objective of the New Look Salon is to deploy their services in the New York City and behind these objective, certain resources are needs to be arranges such as professionals for salon services, funds to operate the activities, office, infrastructure for the salon, etc. In order to fulfil these objectives, organization will require funds and for raising funds, organization has two investors and apart from those investors, loans, advances, etc. are some sources available with the organization for raising funds to operate its activities. The basic expenses of the organization will be the start-up cost i.e. expenses on leasing of land, infrastructure, and office supplies, legal certificate to operate business activities, hiring of professionals, promotional and the advertisement expenses, etc. will be included in the start-up cost and these will be high costs as they are relevance with the setting up the business (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Apart from this, New Look salon may appoint an investment analyst who can guide them in order to raise the funds as well as to attain the objectives for the organization. Along with these expenses, it is expected that a minimum of 25% growth will be easily attainable in the New York City with this idea of start-up and this rate of growth is quite attractive (Baker, 2014). Loan or Investment Proposal New Look Salon is starting up their business at the small level with approximate 5-7 customers attainability capacity. In order to expand the business in future, management may opt for the loan or search the investors through showing their business capability as well as the financial statements of the previous accounting years. At the initial period, organization may arrange certain capital from the loan or through other resources otherwise all the initial requirements will be fulfilled through the internal sources of funds only (Armstrong, et. al., 2015). Conclusion This report concludes the various aspects of developing a business plan and under this report, business plan for New Look Salon was discussed in order to develop their presence in the New York City. Initially, the business activities will be operated at small level but after reviewing the response from the public of New York City, it will be expanded as per the demand. Hence, for this purpose, vision and mission in relation with the New Look Salon, profile of the business, strategies opted to gain the success, marketing strategy, etc. components of the business plan were discussed. It can be assumed that organization could be able to develop their separate image in the salon industry of New York City. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Baker, M.J., 2014.Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Chang, J.F., 2016.Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press. Compact, C., 2015. Mission and vision. Cool, K., Schendel, D., 2010. 'Performance differences among strategic group members', Strategic Management Journal, 9(3) , pp. 207-223 Drummond, G., Ensor, J. Ashford, R., 2012. Strategic Marketing: Planning and Control, (4th) London: Palgrave Macmillan Farahmand, N. F., 2011. Organizational marketing planning by management educated managers, African Journal of Marketing Management, 3(8), pp. 178-187 Glowik, M. Smyczek, S., 2011. International Marketing Management: Strategies, Concepts and Cases in Europe, Page 301, (4th), New York: Physica-Verlag Gruca, T. S. Rego, L. L., 2009. Customer Satisfaction, Cash Flow and Shareholder Value, Journal of Marketing, 69, 11530 Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A, 2014, Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hoskisson, R., 2009. Business strategy: theory and cases. (6th), UK: John Murray Lam, W. and Harker, M.J., 2015. Marketing and entrepreneurship: An integrated view from the entrepreneurs perspective.International Small Business Journal,33(3), pp.321-348. Lee, K.H., Barker, M. and Mouasher, A., 2013. Is it even espoused? An exploratory study of commitment to sustainability as evidenced in vision, mission, and graduate attribute statements in Australian universities.Journal of Cleaner Production,48, pp.20-28. Martin, K., 2015. Keeping ahead in the beauty salon business.Professional Beauty, (May/Jun 2015), p.54. Pardalos, P.M. and Tsitsiringos, V. eds., 2013.Financial engineering, E-commerce and supply chain(Vol. 70). Springer Science Business Media. Renton, M., Daellenbach, U., Davenport, S. and Richard, J., 2015. Small but sophisticated: entrepreneurial marketing and SME approaches to brand management.Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship,17(2), pp.149-164. Scarborough, N.M., 2015.Entrepreneurship and effective small business management. Pearson Higher Ed. Scholes, M.S., 2015.Taxes and business strategy. Prentice Hall. Yoon, J., Lee, Y. and Chang, D.R., 2017. An investigation into the vision and mission statements of multipurpose cultural institutions for place brand communication of Dongdaemun Design Plaza.Place Branding and Public Diplomacy,13(1), pp.34-50.